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the first year after the grafting, good wood, and quantities 

 of cuttings, which are annually utilized for grafting 

 stocks. 



To obtain mother stocks, the summer and autumn layer- 

 ings may be had recourse to, or the bourturage en pousse,* 

 but the process of grafting the Berlandieri on already grown 

 vines (Rupestris, Riparia, and V. Vinifera) seems to us the 

 most economical and practical, in order to procure, in 

 quantity, the wood necessary to prepare grafted cuttings. 



Its special and unique properties of adaptation to very 

 bad chalky soils make the V. Berlandieri (or its Americo- 

 American hybrids) the only species permitting the reconsti- 

 tution of the soft, white, calcareous, chalky soils, where all 

 other American vines have succumbed. And when the 

 supply of Berlandieri cuttings becomes plentiful, it will 

 permit the reconstitution of all the doubtful soils, where 

 many grafting stocks have not given satisfaction, and where 

 reconstitution has been considered impossible, such as the 

 Quaternary calcareous tufa of the south of France, the yellow 

 and white marls, the lacustrine calcareous soils of the Eocene 

 and Miocene, the chalky soils of the Cretaceous, the groies 

 soils of the Jurassic of the Charentes, of Vendee, Dordogne, 

 Saumurois; the Cretaceous chalks of Champagne ^(Marne), 

 Yonne, Aube, etc. ; the white marls of the Oolithic, Bath- 

 onian and Jurassic of the Cote-d'Or; of various chalky 

 formations proceeding often from calcareous sources, and 

 appertaining to the diverse geological formations of different 

 regions. 



But it must not be thought that the V. Berlandieri, on 

 account of its resistance to chlorosis, and on account of its 

 thick roots, should be preferred to other well-known meri- 

 torious grafting stocks, for clay -siliceous, siliceous, or clayey 

 soils. 



* Investigations made during the last five years, on the propagation of 

 Berlandieri by ordinary cuttings, have resulted in definite success, and the use 

 of Berlandieri has been rendered quite as easy as that of Riparia or Rupestris, 

 specially in hot countries like Australia. Millions of cuttings have been planted 

 in the Pyrenees Orientales during the last five years, and the percentage of 

 strike was always as high as with Riparia (from 60 to 80 per cent). 



To obtain these results, it suffices in practice to gather the cuttings from at 

 least four or five years old stocks, and to take only those well lignified. Further, 

 and this is essential, they must be planted in a nursery, directly after the fall 

 of the leaves, that is to say, in autumn, and not in spring, as is usually done. 

 In a word, very early plantation must be performed; the nurseries must be 

 watered and well attended to, and if these precautions are observed Berlandieris 

 may be easily and practically propagated from cuttings. In 1900, 1,800,000 

 cuttings were planted, the average strike varying between 60 and 85 per cent. 

 (P. V. 1900.) 



