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very prominent; the other ribs less marked. Petiole short 

 and slender, has a deep groove bordered by numerous stiff 

 hairs. Young shoots greenish, wine colour near the nodes; 

 this is a very curious form from a botanical point of 

 view. 



The varieties which are represented by very few indi- 

 viduals in clay soils have shorter leaves than those growing 

 in rich soils, almost orbicular, with rudimentary teeth, thick 

 cartilaginous, golden-yellow shining colour on under-face, and 

 incurved margins. Certain types are almost entirely glabrous, 

 others have stiff fairly-abundant fawn-coloured hair on the 

 ribs of the under-face. 



(c) Adaptation and Culture. The V. Cordifolia is one 

 of the most widely-spread species in the United States. It 

 exists from the Great Lakes to Florida, and is especially 

 abundant in the Central States of the United States (Illinois, 

 Tennessee, Missouri, Arkansas, North Texas) in regions, 

 therefore, where the extremes of temperature are very 

 great. 



We have said that the greater number of individuals of 

 V. Cordifolia are found in the centre and east-centre, on 

 river banks, where they grow with V. Riparia in the greyish, 

 black, fertile, deep, fresh, but not damp alluvials; on the 

 Mississippi banks, for instance, where they attain the greatest 

 development. They are also often found in rich pebbly soils, 

 generally red, or in siliceous soils with fine, fertile sand 

 (Silurian, Granitic, Devonian). 



The forms belonging to calcareous soils exist (north of 

 Texas) in white chalky soils, more siliceous and more clayey 

 than those in which V. Berlandieri grows, or sometimes 

 in almost pure white clay, in Tennessee for instance. Their 

 vigour is always inferior to that of the forms growing in rich 

 soils; their leaves, however, remain green in the driest soils; 

 for instance, in the white clay siliceous soils of Missouri con- 

 taining up to 83 per cent, of clay. 



The Cordifolias grown in France have always had a 

 remarkable vigour in slightly or non-calcareous soils, and 

 especially in clay-calcareous, clay, and clay-siliceous soils. 

 The grafting succeeds well with this species, which bears 

 vigorous fructiferous scions, with strong trunks. In white 

 chalky soils, the forms tried up to the present rapidly 

 became yellow, and often died after the first year of 

 planting out. 



