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f 



dowed naturally with properties of affinity and varied 

 adaptation which were tried to be amalgamated by hybridi- 

 zation. 



Finally, we may succeed in creating direct producers of real 

 fructiferous merit, adapted to diverse soils, resisting phyl- 

 loxera and various cryptogamic diseases. But these possible 

 successes seem very elusive. However, it is true that hybridi- 

 zation has entered a new path, which in the distant future 

 may be full of results ; some results may even be seen 

 now. 



An important fact, which would give hybrids of V. Vini- 

 fera a great superiority as graft-bearers, if their resistance 

 to phylloxera was certain, is that resulting from the great 

 affinity to grafting which those hybrids possess with regard 

 to European vines. We have seen, in the first part of this 

 work, the influence of grafting on the properties of resistance 

 and adaptation of grafting-stocks. The hybrids of V. Vini- 

 fera possess these qualities of affinity in a much higher 

 degree than pure American vines, and the affinity of the 

 hybrids will be so much the greater as the American parents 

 possess it to a higher degree themselves. 



Artificial fecundation, practised with the object of obtain- 

 ing direct producers and resistant graft-bearers of more 

 extended adaptation, and of greater affinity to grafting, has 

 been performed by several French viticulturists ; its execution 

 is easy, and may be performed by any one. 



We will rapidly describe the principles and technicalities, 

 having recourse to personal researches conducted by us in 

 collaboration with G. Foe'x, and to those of Millardet, who 

 studied in detail and with undeniable authoritativeness, this 

 question in all its phases. Previous to 1880, when he 

 started, in conjunction with de Grasset, hybridizations with 

 different objects, Millardet had attracted public attention to 

 the importance of the results which might be obtained in 

 viticulture by the adoption of this process. Ganzin 

 seriously studied artificial hybridization of vines at about the 

 same date, and has since pursued it with success ; he pub- 

 lished the first work on this subject in 1881.* We may 

 state here that hybridization between American and Euro- 

 pean vines had been made at the School of Agriculture, 

 Montpellier, by G. Foe'x. in 1876, and that it was continued 



* Ganzin, De I'Hybridation artificielle et des services qu'on peut en attendre 

 pour 1 avemer de la viticulture, Revue scientifique, 1881. 



