CEP AGES. 135 



soils, does not grow; it requires a temperate, rather cold 

 climate; for instance, it has given satisfactory results in the 

 granite soils of the north of Drome, while it grows poorly 

 in the Alpine diluvium of the south of France. This vine 

 is practically abandoned nowadays, and will never be used 

 again for reconstruction. The Rupestris grow better in soils 

 where the Cynthiana could succeed. It is difficult to grow 

 from cuttings, as applies also to V. Cinerea and V. 

 yEstivalis. 



Hybrids of V. Labrusca, V. -XEstivalis. and V. Ru- 

 pestris. These are crossings between York-Madeira and 

 Rupestris. Obtained artificially in France, some of them 

 possess a certain degree of resistance to phylloxera ; but, like 

 their procreators, they are greatly affected by calcareous 

 soils, they become yellow the first year of planting out, and 

 the second year, even when not grafted, have partially dis- 

 appeared. This group of hybrids cannot, therefore, furnish 

 any graft-bearers suitable for calcareous soils. 



Hybrids of V. Labrusca, V. >stivalis, V. Rupestris, 

 and V. Riparia. These hybrids are the result of the cross- 

 ing of York-Madeira with Riparia X Rupestris. The strain 

 imparted to them by the ^stivalis and Labrusca lessens the 

 properties of adaptation which might have been transmitted 

 by the Riparia X Rupestris. They become yellow rapidly in 

 the calcareous soils of the Charentes, and are therefore 

 useless. 



Hybrids of V. Labrusca and V. Cordifolia. A few of 



these hybrids are found, in a wild state, in places where the 

 two species are mixed (rich siliceous soils), in the northern 

 states of America and especially in Virginia. They have 

 not been tried in France, but their origin enables us to 

 assert that their value of adaptation would be inferior to that 

 of other well-known graft-bearers. 



Hybrids of V. Labrusca and V. Riparia. These wild 

 hybrids are very numerous in the forests of the littoral of 

 the Atlantic, in America ; very numerous also are those 

 artificially created by hybridization. The former have not 

 been introduced into France; and, further, they are of little 

 value. Like Labrusca and Riparia, they grow in fertile 

 siliceous soil. 



