136 AMERICAN VINES. 



Amongst the cepages which, as shown by Millardet, are 

 hybrids of V. Riparia and V. Labrusca, we will mention : 

 Taylor and its seedlings: Noah,. Elvira, Faith, Trans- 

 parent, Montefiore, Amber Queen, Etta, and Elvira No. 100 

 of Jaeger (the two latter are seedlings of Elvira) ; Clinton 

 and its seedlings: Vialla, Black Pearl, Bacchus, Ariadne, 

 etc.; finally, Oporto, Blue Dyer, Uhland, Marion, Conqueror, 

 Sack, Ironclad, Luty, Ferrand's Michigan, Missouri 

 Riesling, Grein's Golden, etc. ; and a series of forms which 

 are certainly Riparia hybrids, and possess to a -very great 

 degree the characters of Labrusca, such as Catawba and its 

 seedlings: Diana, lona, Mottled, Jefferson (hybrid of 

 Concord X lona). We may also mention more complex 

 hybrids, such as Empire State (Clinton X Hartford Pro- 

 lific), etc. 



The V. Labrusca transmits through its hybrids a great 

 affinity for grafting, v a large trunk, but also a limited 

 resistance to the attacks of phylloxera, the more limited as 

 the influence of the Riparia is less pronounced (Ironclad, 

 Luty, Missouri Riesling, Catawba, Diana). Most of them, 

 however, are more resistant than V. Labrusca. The follow- 

 ing, are the relative resistances of the principal of these : 



Taylor . . 13 



Noah . . 14 



Elvira . . 10 



Clinton . . 8 



Vialla . . 12 



Black Pearl . . 12 



Bacchus 8 



Operto . . 12 



Blue Dyer . . 9 



Uhland . . 9 



Marion . . 16 



Catawba . . 4 



Diana 4 



These hybrids have larger roots (Taylor, Clinton, Vialla) 

 than V. Riparia, owing to the action of V. Labrusca. Like 

 the species they originate from, they do very badly in cal- 

 careous soils (Vialla), although better than V. Labrusca. 



Taylor. The Taylor has been much used as a graft-bearer ; 

 it constitutes important vineyards in the south of France, 

 which are actually twenty-four years of age, and have been 

 grafted twenty-two years. The cepage is an excellent graft- 

 bearer, knitting very well with most European varieties, 

 having a large trunk, imparting good productivity and early 

 maturity to the grafts it bears. When grown in suitable 

 soils (free, fresh, rich marls, or blue clay) it constitutes an 

 excellent graft-bearer, and phylloxera does not weaken it too 

 much ; but in dry, poor, calcareous soils it rapidly succumbs 



