CEPAGES. 147 



very easily multiplied by summer layering, which has 

 often been successfully done. Champin isolated five forms ; 

 four different forms were isolated at the School of Agricul- 

 ture, Montpellier. 



The Champins grow in Texas (environs of Cleburne), in 

 cretaceous soils, blackish and pebbly, and also fairly rich and 

 calcareous, with a subsoil composed of calcareous rock, hard 

 and laminated, with reefs of bluish or white clay, or of the 

 blue marl alternating. The following is the physical com- 

 position of these soils, analyzed by B. Chauzit : 



Clay 26.25 per cent. 



Sand 14.12 



Carbonate of Lime . . . . 59 . 05 



But the Champins have never been found in chalky soils. 



They have resisted chlorosis in France much better than 

 Riparias, or even Jacquez in fairly calcereous soils; in 

 chalks, they become yellow without getting stunted, but soon 

 die when grafted. In certain yellowish marls of the miocene 

 of the south of France, the most vigorous forms have been 

 grafted with different varieties since fourteen years ago. They 

 have always given good results where Riparia and Jacquez 

 disappeared under the action of chlorosis. 



To sum up, the Champin possess a certain resistance to 

 phylloxera very much inferior to Berlandieri or its hybrids; 

 and, as they are less resistant to phylloxera, as their vigour 

 is only equal or below that of the latter, there is no need for 

 propagating them. 



Hybrids of V. Candicans and V. Mpnticola. These 



are as varied and as vigorous as the Berlandieri X Candicans. 

 They grow in less rich soils than the latter, sometimes even in 

 fairly calcareous soils, but they have never been found grow- 

 ing in the wild state in chalky limestone ; they grow natur- 

 ally in blackish-red soils, more or less deep, resting on fis- 

 sured lithographic limestone. In such soils, dry and slightly 

 fertile, one of the most interesting forms of these hybrids, 

 the Monticola X Candicans of Belton, has an extraordinary 

 vigour and trunk of wonderful dimensions. The characters 

 of these hybrids present the whole scale of intermediates 

 between the Mustang and Monticola. It is evident that the 

 greater the influence of the Mustang the smaller the resist- 

 ance to chlorosis, the greater that of the Monticola the less 

 vigour. 



