l6o AMERICAN VINES. 



Hybrids of V. >Estivalis and V. Riparia. The Riparia 

 and ^stivalis are numerous in the United States, in the centre 

 states bordering the Atlantic; they have a very great vigour 

 and a very great development of trunk and canes, in red, 

 fertile, generally siliceous- soil. Although the wild forms 

 have not yet been tried in France, it is to be presumed that 

 on account of their origin they are not resistant to chlorosis. 

 They would, however, the most vigorous forms exclusively, 

 make excellent graft-bearers for Riparia soils on account of 

 the size of their trunk. 



Azenwr Hybrid. Millardet has named and made known 

 a hybrid of ^Estivalis X Riparia, which was accidently ob- 

 tained from seeds of ^Estivalis, sown in 1879, by Azemar of 

 Perpignan. According to Millardet, it is a very vigorous 

 vine, with large trunk, rooting freely from cuttings, and 

 knitting well with almost all European varieties without 

 forming any pronounced pad of knitting tissue ; and further, 

 it is very resistant to phylloxera. In the chalky soils of 

 Cognac it succumbs to chlorosis and becomes stunted very 

 rapidly, even before grafting. It is not, therefore, suitable 

 for marly or chalky soils, but makes an excellent graft- 

 bearer, superior to certain Riparias ; in light siliceous or clay- 

 siliceous soils it does not equal in value the most .vigorous 

 forms of Riparia. Millardet considers it a good graft-bearer 

 for clayey, but not damp, soils. 



Here are the general characters, according to Millardet : 

 "Stump very strong; young shoots violet-grey pubescent; 

 canes with medium internodes, deep-mahogany colour ; covered 

 with bloom. Leaves large, cordiform or polygonal-sub- 

 cordiform, vaguely tri-lobed, slightly goffered structure, 

 margins revolute, terminal lobe acute; teeth fairly regular, 

 sub-acute. Upper-face of a fine deep green, with a few cob- 

 webby hairs; under- face with a few short hairs on the main 

 and secondary ribs. 



Hybrids of V. Berlandieri and V. Rupestris. T. V. 



Munson isolated two wild forms of these hybrids which were 

 imported into France in 1888; they are still growing fairly 

 vigorously in rather calcareous soils. One of these (No. T) 

 is, we think, an hybrid of V. Berlandieri X Candicans ; its 

 vigour compared with the known forms of Berlandieri X 

 Candicans may be represented by 19, but its resistance to 

 phylloxera is only 12. The other form, which is alone 



