176 AMERICAN VINES. 



Croton (Delaware and Chasselas of Fontainebleau, 

 seedling of Bull) Resistance, 3. 



Duchess (Concord and Delaware, seedling of Cay- 

 wood) Resistance, 2. 



Beauty (Delaware and Maxatawny, seedling of Rom- 

 mel) Resistance, 3. 



None of these hybrids are of any value for reconstitution, 

 on account of their feeble resistance to phylloxera. Several 

 were used at the commencement of the introduction of 

 American vines (Eumelan), but were quickly discarded; 

 others, which are very fructiferous (Beauty, Delaware), bear 

 foxy fruit, and should not be used under any circumstances. 

 The Delaware is one of the most widely cultivated cepages 

 in the north of the United States, where the phylloxera, on 

 account of the soil and climate, only has a comparatively 

 slight effect. We will note, however, a few interesting facts 

 so far as adaptation is concerned. These cepages are more 

 resistant to chlonosis in calcareous soils than yEstivalis or 

 Labrusca ; the Delaware is more resistant than Eumelan, 

 and possesses the characters of the Vinifera to a greater 

 degree. In this group of hybrids, the Croton is best adapted 

 to calcareous soils, in which it thrives as well as Othello, as 

 long as it is not attacked by phylloxera; the Croton has 

 two Vinifera elements in its parents (^Estivalis X Labrusca 

 X Vinifera and Vinifera). 



All the cepages of this group obtained and experimented 

 upon in France are the result of the crossing of York- 

 Madeira with V. Vinifera. Their composition is as follows : 

 V. ^Estivalis ^, V. Labrusca >4, V. Vinifera y 2 . But the 

 Yiork-Madeira, like its progenitors, does not resist chlorosis ; 

 if, therefore, its hybrids with V. Vinifera have a large geo- 

 graphical area of adaptation, they cannot thrive in very 

 calcareous soils; in the chalky soils of Charentes they 

 become yellow and stunted very rapidly. Moreover, their 

 resistance to phylloxera and vigour is small. Among these 

 hybrids are Nos. 1304, 1106, 2102, and 904, or Cognac of 

 Couderc. The latter, which has foxy grapes, is so sensitive 

 to limestone, in the Charentes, that it dies the first year of 

 planting out. 



Hybrids of V. Vinifera and V Cinerea. The V. 



Cinerea thrives well in compact damp soils deficient in 

 limestone. Crossed with V. Vinifera, this species would give 



