l82 AMERICAN VINES. 



made and well attended to, one obtains with Jacquez and 

 Herbemont quite as good knittings, and a proportion of 

 strike quite as great as with other graft-bearers, it was 

 wrongly supposed that the Jacquez presented great difficulty 

 from this point of view. 



All these cepages accommodate themselves perfectly to the 

 climates of the various viticultural regions of France, as has 

 already been said in the first part of this work; there is no 

 danger ,of the grafted Jacquez or Herbemont being injured 

 by winter frosts. This is certain so far as Herbemont is con- 

 cerned. The cold during the winter of 1890-91 did not 

 injure grafted Jacquez even in regions where the fall of tem- 

 perature was very considerable ( 30 C. ; Isere). In Maine- 

 et-Loire, Jacquez vines twenty-five years old are still in exist- 

 ence; some, twelve years of age, are to be found in Vendee, 

 and in the Charentes of from fifteen to sixteen years. In 

 Virginia and Missouri, where the thermometer falls to 25 

 and 28 C.,the Jacquez has never been affected by the frost. 

 It is now positively ascertained that Jacquez and Herbemont 

 succeed well, as far as climate is concerned, in the coldest 

 regions in France. It is certain, however, that Herbemont 

 grows better in the north than in the hot dry districts of the 

 south, while Jacquez grows almost everywhere. 



The resistance of Jacquez and Herbemont (12) is not of 

 the highest degree, but is sufficient for many soils in the 

 centre, west, and north of France. In warm and dry 

 regions, in very poor soils, phylloxera destroy a great propor- 

 tion of the hair roots, and produce nodosities and tuberosities, 

 important enough to injure the vine, but the weakening seen 

 in this case is less noticeable in rich, or fresh well-manured 

 soils. The cases of weakening and exhaustion of Jacquez, 

 in dry and poor soils, is far from being constant; the cases 

 of certain and durable success are numerous. There are 

 still in existence, in the Gard and in the south-west of 

 France, Jacquez 30 years of age, which are still quite as 

 vigorous as when first planted out. Jacquez plantations 

 twenty to twenty-five years of age, grafted three to four years 

 after planting out, are not uncommon in the south of France 

 in fresh soils of medium fertility. 



But we must admit that there* is no reason for Herbe- 

 mont to be used as a graft-bearer and still less as a direct- 

 producer. The Jacquez, which renders some service for 

 reconstitution in fairly calcareous soils where Riparia did 



