192 AMERICAN VINES. 



Although very vigorous, their vegetation is slightly less 

 than that of the Rupestris hybrids, they are however re- 

 markable cepages with a trunk increasing in size almost as 

 rapidly as that of the scion; the pad of callus at the knitting 

 point is comparatively insignificant. Their grafts are very 

 vigorous and very fertile. 



They would be useless for chalky soils, for when grafted 

 they become yellow. They remain greener in the groie 

 soils of the Jurassic. Their resistance to phylloxera is 

 doubtful. 



The Aramon X Riparia, Nos. 143 and 141, of Millardet and 

 de Grasset, possesses the same qualities, but cannot be re- 

 commended for chalky soils, as applies to all the cepages of 

 this group. 



The following cepages possess the same quality of adapta- 

 tion: Petit-Bouschet X Riparia Nos. jooi and 3002, of 

 Couderc, Colombeau X Riparia Nos. 2501, 2502, Petit- 

 Bouschet X Riparia No. 142, of the School of Agriculture,. 

 Montpellier, which is more fructiferous and bears finer 

 grapes than the Hybride-Franc ; but the quality of its 

 wine is inferior and its resistance to phylloxera is very 

 uncertain. 



Hybrids of V. Vinifera. V. Labrusca and V. Riparia. 



These ternary hybrids which were created in America are 

 varied and interesting. In a general way, the two elements, 

 Labrusca and Vinifera, have endowed them with an inferior 

 resistance to phylloxera, as will be seen by the figures 

 quoted hereafter; the Riparia corrected this important 

 defect in only very rare cases (Autuchon). The more the 

 Vinifera predominates the weaker the resistance (Canada 

 Secretary), but the less foxy the taste of the fruit is. The 

 resistance to mildew and black-rot is very slight, which is 

 due to the influence of the Vinifera and Labrusca (Canada, 

 Secretary, Othello). The forms, the foliage of which has 

 the greatest similarity to that of V. Riparia have also the 

 greatest resistance to mildew (Autuchon, Cornucopia). 



But the influence of V. Vinifera is most pronounced in the 

 characters of adaptation, endowing these hybrids with a 

 relatively high resistance to chlorosis. We will insist on 

 this point when studying a few of these hybrids which had,, 

 but fortunately have not, actually, a great importance in 

 France. 



