CEPAGES. 193 



The following are the principal, with their origin and re- 

 sistance to phylloxera. We will note that they are mostly 

 hybrids of Clinton (Riparia X Labrusca) and European 

 vines : 



Othello (Clinton X Black Hamburg No. i, Arnold) 



Resistance, 6. 



Advance (Clinton X Black Hamburg, Ricketts). 

 Canada (Clinton X Black St. Peter No. 16, Arnold) 



Resistance, 4. 

 Brandt (Clinton X Black St. Peter No. 8, Arnold) 



Resistance, 4. 

 Cornucopia (Clinton X Black St. Peter No. 2, Arnold) 



Resistance, 4. 

 Secretary (Clinton X Muscat Hamburg, Ricketts) 



Resistance, 2. 

 Autuchon (Clinton X Golden Chassels, Arnold) 



Resistance, 7. 



Naomi (Clinton X Muscat, Ricketts). 

 Waverley (Clinton X Muscat, Ricketts). 

 Alma (Bacchus X Vinifera, Ricketts). 

 August Giant (Black Hamburg, Marion). 

 Rommel (Triumph X Elvira, Munson), etc. 



Othello has never had any importance in America, 

 where it was discarded on account of its great sensitiveness 

 to mildew, black-rot, grey-rot, brown-rot, and sunstroke. 

 The Othello is generally attacked by these parasites in 

 France ; in dry and warm regions it often loses its leaves 

 when the season is unusually hot, and its fruit frequently 

 becomes sunburnt. 



The resistance of Othello to phylloxera (6) is relatively 

 weak; therefore, in soils favorable to the multiplication of the 

 insect and in warm regions, th phylloxera may weaken it 

 and bring about its death after four or five years (numerous 

 cases in the south of France, one case in the nursery at 

 Fontenay-le-Comte in poor soils, different case in the Cote 

 d'Or in unfertile soils). The Othello can only resist phyl- 

 loxera in temperate and cold climates, where the insect pro- 

 gresses slowly, and in fresh rich soils, which check the 

 development of the insect and favour the development of 

 numerous hair-roots. But in such soils the grafting of 

 French varieties on resistant and well-adapted graft-bearers 

 will always give results superior to those which might be 



