204 AMERICAN VINES. 



new plantation. On the other hand, if too far away the 

 effect is not felt, or comes too late. 



When stable manure is used, I or 2 inches of soil should 

 be placed over the roots before applying it, and a thicker 

 layer, 2 to 4 inches, in the case iof chemical manures. The 

 hole is then filled up with soil, which is earthed up so as to 

 cover the whole of the old wood of the scion. In warm 

 climates the jloint is placed Y-Z to I inch above the surface of 

 the soil, in cold climates a little below. 



Planting should be done between November and April. 

 The vines planted before or during the winter are earthed 

 up to the fifth or sixth eye of the scion, which is later on 

 pruned level with the top of the mound. In spring planting, 

 the mounds need not be so high, to the second or third eye 

 of the scion is sufficient; but it is an important and essential 

 condition for the success of the rooted-grafts that the old 

 wood of the graft be completely covered with soil. The ef- 

 fect of the earthing up is to prevent the evaporation of moist- 

 ure by the action of the sun and wind on the stem, which, 

 had it been exposed, the rootlets would have been unable to 

 replenish, being deprived of their absorbing extremities. 

 The mounds should not be less than 16 inches in diameter, 

 and each vine should be securely tied to a stake. 



Jn July the mound is removed, and the roots which have 

 grown on the scion cut off; the soil is then slightly earthed 

 up; later on, in August or September, the joint .should be 

 exposed to the air. The reason for this will be shown later 

 on. 



The following years the joint is exposed by hoeing in 

 spring time; this effectually prevents any rootlets forming on 

 the section. 



In wet compact soils the planting of rooted-grafts should 

 only be done after the ground has been well drained. The 

 soil should be firmly tamped round the plant, so that water 

 will not accumulate and remain around the vine, preventing 

 the formation of roots. 



For the planting of cuttings and ordinary rootlings the 

 precautions indicated by current practice should be taken. 



Can vines be planted where vines have already been grown 

 and uprooted? It is well known that, except in cases where 

 vines have died from cryptogamic diseases (Pourridie, etc.), 

 we may establish the new vineyard directly after the 

 uprooting bf the old one. If the soil has been too much 



