228 



AMERICAN VINES. 



The scion, with one or two eyes, is cut in a similar 

 manner at its base. To make the joint, the tongue of the 

 scion is inserted in the slit of the stock, the tongue of the 

 stock in the slit of the scion, forcing a little, till the 

 juxtaposition of the two sections is perfect (Fig. 100), the 

 whole is then firmly maintained together by means of a 

 ligature. 



The whip-tongue graft is that which gives the best 

 knitting; stock and scion being cut exactly alike the 

 juxtaposition is perfect, and leaves no portion of the section 

 exposed to the air, there is, therefore, no scar, and the 

 circulation of the sap takes place almost in the same manner 

 as in an ordinary cutting. The outside surface in this case 

 is smooth, and in many cases it is impossible to detect, by 

 superficial examination, the point where the graft was made. 



On the other hand, if the 

 whip-tongue graft gives the best 

 knitting, it gives less takes. 

 The reason for this is, that the 

 oblique section of the stock pro- 

 duces callus with difficulty, as 

 already explained ; the walls of 

 the slit produce it in greater 

 abundance it is true, that is 

 why it must be made deeper 

 than is customary, that is ro 

 say, it begins further from the 

 centre of the section. 



The " Champin Graft'' (Fig. 

 101) is only a modification of 

 the whip-tongue; it is more 

 difficult to perform, it. gives 

 less satisfactory knittings, for 

 a part of the section is exposed to the air; and, moreover, 

 it facilitates the growth of roots on the scion. 



The whip-tongue graft can only be used when stock and 

 scion are equal in diameter ; when the stock is larger than 

 the scion, the ordinary cleft-graft is used. 



(b) Ordinary Cleft-Graft, The stock, always larger than 

 the scion in diameter, is cut horizontally with a handsaw 

 (Fig. 102), or with a secateur;* the section is then freshened 

 with a grafting knife. It is then split, but on the side 



* Pruning shears. 



Fig. 10 1. Champin Graft. 



