236 



AMERICAN VINES. 



The ligature may be made in any form, whether lead or 

 tinfoil be interposed or not; the most simple and rapid of 

 execution, being at the same time the strongest and best, is 



Fig. 117. 



Whip-tongue Graft with 

 Ligature. 



Figs. 118 and 119. 

 Shouldered Cleft-Graft 



Figs. 120 and 121. 

 Ordinary Cleft-Graft. 



that described by L. Rougier in his excellent manual on the 

 Re constitution des vignobles, as follows (see Fig. 122) : " The 

 operator, after having .verified the fit of the grafted cutting, 

 holds it firmly with the left hand and commences the binding 

 at the top. One of the ends of the raffia is kept fixed on the 

 graft with the thumb of the left hand, while the other fingers 

 hold the stock, the raffia is then wound round from right 

 to left, so as to hold the end of the binding which was under 

 the left thumb. 



' The left hand, being now free, is used to hold the two 

 parts of the graft in the required position. Continue to 

 wind the raffia with the right hand, stretching and twist- 



