246 



AMERICAN VINES. 



in exact contact at least at the bottom of the cleft. The 

 stock may be prepared with one eye as shown in Fig. 130 

 (Cazeaux-Cazalet graft). The scion in this case must be a 

 little smaller than the cleft for contact to take place at 

 a, b, c, d. 



' To make the lateral whip-tongue graft, a longitudinal slice 

 of i or i y 2 inches is removed from one side of the stock at the 

 same height as for the cleft (Figs. 126, a, d), 

 cutting a little deeper than the bark; at a 

 point three-fourths of the distance from 

 the bottom of the slice, a small oblique 

 cleft, c, b, is made, similar to that of an 

 ordinary whip-tongue graft; the scion, cut 

 like that of the latter (Fig. 127, b) of a 

 diameter equal to the cleft of the stock, is 

 inserted in that cleft, taking care to secure 

 contact of the liber at least towards the 

 lower part of the sections. 



" The scion should have at least two eyes 

 above the joint. 



" The cleft should always be oblique, 

 especially for the side cleft-graft, and 

 straight, to avoid a curved section, as 

 shown in Fig. 131, for it renders the juxta- 

 position difficult, the ligature forcing the 

 scion to bend; and, if the ligature breaks 

 during winter, the weight of the scion 

 dislocates the joint, and the scion hangs 

 on the tongue, which is too weak to sup- 

 port it. 



" As far as possible, the graft should be 

 made without removing the stake from 

 the stock ; the section of the scion must 

 always be as close as possible to a 

 node. 



" The joints are tied with raffia alone, or raffia and lead 

 bands rolled over and the two ends twisted together. 



" The scions should be made with wood of the year, well 

 lignified, and taken from the vine just when required for 

 grafting; although scions preserved in sand have been used 

 with success. The scions must be well lignified, if they are 

 not they may knit, but are liable to dry off in summer, espec- 

 ially if the season is too dry. 



Fig. 130. 



Cazeaux-Cazalet 



Graft. 



