248 



AMERICAN VINES. 



more labour than the former, as it necessitates the operation 



being frequently repeated. 



' The effect of this operation is very remarkable. The 



knitted scion immediately starts growing, and, when the 

 shoots on the stock have been pinched 

 two or three times, the shoots on the 

 scion develop rapidly. 



' The roots and ligatures of the 

 scion should be removed when its 

 branches are 40 to 50 cm. (16 to 20 

 inches) in length. The latter should 

 be tied to a stake to prevent the fre- 

 quent strong winds of spring from 

 breaking* the joint. After this is done, 

 the graft does not require any further 

 special care. Ploughing and scarifying 

 are proceeded with as usual." 



Gaillard Graft. Fig. 133 shows 

 very clearly the method of making 

 this graft, which requires the same 

 care as the above. 



Grafting on growing stocks gives 

 very variable strikes; sometimes 90 

 per cent, or more, sometimes 50, or 

 even 25 per cent. only. In the majority 

 of cases, vineyards reconstituted by 

 this method are patchy; the misses 

 have to be replaced by grafted root- 

 lings ; and the yield is put back two years in the case of the 



replaced vines. 



For this reason, in the cool regions of the south-west, 



centre, and east, and even in the south of France, it has been 



discarded in favour of bench grafting. 



B. BENCH GRAFTING. 



(a) Grafting on cuttings. The canes of American vines 

 destined to be used as stock, and which should be at least 

 6 mm. (y^ inch) in diameter at the small end, are cut in 

 lengths of 25 or 28 centimetres (10 to n inches). The 

 bottom section is made under and as close as possible to 

 a node (Figs. 118 to 122) ; for we know that the roots 

 grow stronger and more abundantly on a node than on an 



Fig. 133. 

 Gaillard Graft. 



