GLOSSARY. 273 



CAMBRIAN FORMATION (Geol.) A series of very ancient palaeozoic 

 rocks, between the Laurentian and Silurian .until recently regarded 

 as the oldest fossiliferous rocks. It is named from its occurrence 

 in Cambria, or Wales. 



CARBONATE OF LIME Limestones. 



CARBONIC ACID GAS This term is generally applied to a compound of 

 carbon and oxygen, more correctly called carbon dioxide. 



CARBONIFEROUS FORMATION (Geol ) A series of rocks, including sand- 

 stone, shales, limestone, and conglomerates with beds of coal, 

 which make up the strata of the carboniferous age. 



CARTILAGINOUS or CARTILAGINEOUS Firm and tough, like cartilage. 



CELL (Biol.) One of the minute elementary structures of which the 

 greater part of the various tissues and organs of plants is composed. 



CEPAGE (French) Has no equivalent in English. Any vine when 

 under cultivation. 



CHALAZE or CHALAZA (Bot.) The place on a seed where the outer 

 coats cohere with each other and the nucleus. 



CHALAZIC DEPRESSION (Bot.) Natural depression in a seed formed by 

 the chalaze. 



CHLOROSIS (Bot.) A disease in plants causing the leaves to lose their 

 normal green colour and turn yellow. 



CONCAVE Said of the interior of a curved surface. 



CONCRETION (Geol.) Rounded mass or nodule produced by the aggre- 

 gation of the material round a centre, as the calcareous concre- 

 tions common in beds of clay. 



CONGLOMERATE (Geol.) A bed of fragments of rock, or pebbles, 

 cemented together by other material. 



CON ic ALLY -Having the general shape of a geometrical cone, round 

 and tapering to a point, or gradually decreasing in circumference. 



CONVEX Said of the outside of a curved surface in opposition to 

 concave. 



CORALLIAN (Geol.) A deposit of coralliferous limestone forming a 

 portion of the middle division of the oolite. 



CORDIFORM or CORDATE Having the general shape of a heart, as a 

 cordiform leaf. 



COROLLA The second envelope of a flower, usually composed of 

 coloured leaf-like organs (petals) and may be united by their edges 

 in the top part, as in vine flowers. 



CORONA OF THE STIGMA Crown-like appendage at the top of the 

 stigma. 



CRETACEOUS FORMATION (Geol.) The series of strata of various kinds 

 containing beds of chalk, green sand; also called chalk formation. 



CRYPTOGAM (Bot.) Plants belonging to the series or division of 

 flowerless plants propagated by spores, and generally living as 

 parasites on other plants. A fungus is a cryptogam. 



CRYPTOGAMIC DISEASE An alteration in the state or the function of a 

 plant, caused by a cryptogam such as mildew, black rot, etc. 



DEFOLIATION The falling or shedding of the leaves. 



DESICCATION The state of being dried up or deprived of moisture. 



DEVONIAN FORMATION (Geol.) A series of Palaeozoic rocks, including 

 the old red sandstone. 



DIAPHRAGM (Bot.) Partition of wood separating the pith of two 

 internodes in a vine cane. 



DILUVIUM See Alpine Diluvium. 



DISCOID Having a circular structure like the berries of certain vines 



