298 AMERICAN VINES. 



Page 



Hybrids of V. Vinifera, V. Rupestris and V. Lincecumii. 191 



Seibel's Hybrids 191 



Hybrids of V. Vinifera and V. Arizonica 191 



Hybrids of V. Vinifera and V. Riparia 191 



Hybrids of V. Vinifera, V. Labrusca and V. Riparia 192 



Othello 193 



Canada, Brandt, Secretary, Cornucopia, Autuchon 195 



PART III. CULTURE. 



CULTURE 197 



(a) Conclusions (Choice ol varieties) 197 



I. Humidity , 200 



II. Compactness..... 200 



III. Aridity 200 



IV. Predominance of silica 200 



V. Amount of limestone in the soil 200 



VI. The vigor of the graft 201 



VII. The affinity...: 201 



VIII. Fertility of graft 202 



IX. Earliness of ripening fruit 202 



6) Deep cultivation . 202 



c] Manuring and planting 203 



d] Plowing 205 



e) Distance between vines 205 



(/) Layering 206 



(") Quality of wines from grafted vines 207 



PART IV. GRAFTING AND NURSERIES. 



I. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE GRAFT 209 



# ) Knitting tissues 210 



b) Effects of grafting. "Affinity" 214 



II. SYSTEMS OF GRAFTING 225 



a) Whip-tongue graft 226 



b) Ordinary cleft-graft 228 



(c] Double cleft-graft 230 



Id) English cleft-graft 230 



(e) Binding and waxing 234 



III. GRAFTING ON GROWING STOCKS AND BENCH GRAFTING. 239 



A. Grafting on growing stocks 239 



(a] Time of grafting 239 



(b ) Operation of grafting 240 



() Severing the roots 241 



d} Care to be given to grafts 243 



e) Care to be given to scions 244 



/) Autumn grafts 244 



Cadillac graft 245 



Gaillard graft 248 



