294 How to obtain it. 



white, contrasting beautifully with the darker colour of the sides 

 and back. 



" Like the king salmon, the red salmon travels long distances 

 up the rivers, pushing on to their sources ; but it is chiefly a lake 

 spawner, while the king salmon prefers the head waters of the 

 principal rivers to their small tributaries. It is asserted by Mr. 

 Hirsch and others, who have had much experience with the red 

 salmon, that no spawning fish of this species ever leave Karluk 

 river alive. Natives say that they can catch salmon any time 

 Curing the winter months, through the ice, on Karluk river and 

 7ake. They assert also that all the red salmon die in the spring, 

 mostly in April. It is said that this species will not enter a river 

 which does not arise from a lake. 



" In Karluk lake, near the sources of the river, ripe red 

 salmon were speared by the natives, August iyth. On the i8th 

 of the same month large numbers of dead salmon of this species, 

 and plenty of both sexes which were spent and nearly dead, were 

 found in the rivers connecting Karluk lake with its tributary lakes. 

 In all of the little streams falling into Karluk lake in which red 

 salmon were found, dead fish were moderately common, and 

 there was an abundance of young salmon about one and a half 

 inches long, which must have been hatched from eggs deposited 

 during the preceding fall. The male red salmon develops a lump 

 nearly as large as that of the humpback, and its jaws are exceed- 

 ingly enlarged." 



These interesting observations upon the salmon of Alaska 

 have much instruction in them. Although there are other species 

 of salmon than our Salmo salar, yet they are all salmon, closely 

 allied, belonging to the genus salmo, and having a great deal in 

 common, although in appearance, in structure, and to some 

 extent in habit, variations more or less modified occur. When 

 better known, several species may be found to merge into one, 

 but it would be premature for me to make anything approaching 

 a definite assertion on this point at present. 



It is very evident that there is a great deal that is common 

 to the salmon of both continents. First of all with regard to the 

 early or fresh-water stage, the young, or " parrs " as we should 

 call them, remain in fresh water until the second and third spring 



