406 ANIMAL STUDIES 



the cat, the fowl, the goose, the duck, the peacock, the 

 guinea-hen, the camel, the honey-bees, the silk-worm, 

 the elephant, the llama, the reindeer, the falcon, the 

 turkey, the ferret, the different parrots, the guinea-pig, 

 and other species. Those forms domesticated for special 

 purposes or within a narrow range are less likely to form 

 varieties. 



318. Artificial propagation. Many animals are bred 

 within regions not formerly occupied by them, although 

 being in no sense domesticated. Among these are the vari- 

 ous kinds of salmon and trout, the shad, the striped bass, 

 the carp, goldfish, and many other fishes, the oyster, the 

 Chinese pheasant, the lady-birds. In some cases the eggs 

 are taken and hatched under artificial conditions. This is 

 especially the case with the salmon and trout. In other 

 cases the animals are simply liberated in a new region to 

 make their way in competition with other species. 



319. Services of animals. The chief services rendered 

 by animals may be treated under the following heads : 



Food, clothing, ornaments, use in the arts, as destroyers 

 of injurious animals, as servants, and as friends. 



320. Animals used as food. All races of men have fed, 

 in part at least, on the flesh of animals, either raw or 

 cooked. For this purpose certain species have long been 

 domesticated. As a rule, those mammals and birds which 

 are wholly carnivorous have been rejected by man as unfit 

 for food ; but this rule does not apply to the class of 

 fishes. Among the animals whose flesh is especially valued 

 may be named the ox, the sheep, the goat tribe, the deer 

 tribe, the hog, and, in general, all hoofed animals with four 

 toes. Besides these, the various rabbits, squirrels, bears, 

 raccoons, opossums, fur seals, the large bats, certain 

 monkeys, some whales, and a variety of other mammals 

 are largely eaten by men on account of the excellence of 

 their flesh. All mammals, excepting the strictly carnivo- 

 rous cats and wolves, are considered welcome food by some 



