102 ANNOTATED LIST OF 



variable, especially in winter ; changes of sixty degrees Fahrenheit 

 within twenty-four hours occurring in almost every season. 



In a general way, the climate may be said to be favorable to a 

 heavy growth of timber, and in fact of all vegetation ; but with 

 the exception of the northern part of the County, the soil is culti- 

 vated so completely that but little of the native forest remains. 

 With such location, topography and climate, we should naturally 

 expect to find the fauna " Canadian " rather than " Alleghanian," 

 especially when we observe in our woods the absence of the tulip 

 and the chestnut, common in the same parallel of latitude a short 

 distance west of us; and we miss the whistle of "Bob White," 

 and the mournful call of the " Common Dove," which are not 

 uncommon sounds a comparatively few miles away. 



Instead, our woods are largely made up of maple, beech and 

 conifers, and we find breeding within our limits, such strictly 

 Canadian birds as the Golden-eye Duck, the White-throated Spar- 

 row, the Canadian Fly-catching Warbler, the Winter Wren, and 

 both the Hermit and Swainson's Thrushes. The list, however, 

 shows some birds far removed from "Canadian," and perhaps 

 further investigation in the southern part of the County might 

 add more. 



We beg to acknowledge our obligations to C. Hart Merriam, 

 M. D., of the Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy, 

 U. S. Department of Agriculture, who kindly reviewed the list 

 while in the rough, and made several valuable additions ; to Messrs. 

 A. L. Brainard, of Oneida, and A. Ames Hewlett, of Syracuse, for 

 information regarding the occurrence of birds at Oneida Lake ; and 

 to several others, who are properly credited in the appropriate 

 places. 



The list is not put forth as complete. It is the work of several 

 years, but there are many parts of the County which we have 

 scarcely visited. 



We have included quite a number of birds for which we have 

 no positive Oneida County record, having found them in the 

 neighboring counties, and having no doubt of their occurrence in 

 this. In all such cases we give the location of the record, and to 

 cover such extra- limital records we have called this paper " A List 

 of the Birds of Oneida County and its Immediate Vicinity." 

 Only those birds are given as breeding, for which we have positive 

 records, though it may fairly be assumed that all those given as 

 " summer residents " nest. 



