52 APPLE GROWING IN CALIFORNIA. 



diameter of the twigs will take place. The value of this heavy cutting 

 back is well illustrated in Figs. 32 and 33 which show the same tree. 

 The first picture was taken early in the spring and the second on 

 September 21st. 



In the case of most varieties of trees, at least, it is best to cut to 

 outside buds when the second season's pruning is done, in order to 

 spread the head. The amount of spread will, however, depend largely 

 on the variety, and whether outside or inside buds are left at the ter- 

 minals of the twigs will depend upon this varietal factor. For instance, 

 the Winesap has a great tendency to spread and grow bushy, and in 

 order to make it grow- upright, or at least to increase that tendency, 

 cutting should be done just above an inside bud. On the other hand. 



Fig. 33a. Same tree shown in Fig. 33, after being pruned. 



the Rome Beauty tree has a habit of growing upright, similar to the 

 Bartlett pear, and by cutting branches in each case just above outside 

 buds the tendency will be for the branches to grow outwardly and thus 

 spread the head. More attention to this particular phase of the pruning 

 operation will be necessary during successive seasons than during 

 the second. 



The desired number of branches having been selected and cut back 

 as show r n in the figures, the tree is now ready for the third season's 

 growth. 



PRUNING THE THIRD SEASON. 



Fig. 34 shows the ideal type of head after the third season's prun- 

 ing, when three scaffold branches have been used in forming the frame- 

 work. It will be noticed that on each one of these have been left three 

 of the season's branches, selected so as to avoid bad crotches, properly 

 spaced and cut back just as was the previous season's growth. Thus 

 we have a tree with a trunk which has had three years' growth. From 



