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APPLE GROWING IN CALIFORNIA. 



The strength of spray to use as given in this publication is less than 

 the manufacturers of arsenicals usually recommend. It has been proven 

 by careful experiments that the amount given is ample and special 

 emphasis should be laid upon the necessity of putting the spray where 

 it belongs. It matters not how strong a spray is used, it can do no good 

 unless it is placed where the worms will feed upon it. Time and 

 again in the writer's experience have orchardists been known to condemn 

 the spray as faulty, when they themselves were to blame because of 

 their careless methods of application. 



How to Apply Spray. 



It seems almost superfluous to say anything about how to apply a 

 spray, but after all there is much to learn before the beginner can become 

 expert. The tendency is always to use too little spray, thus slighting the 

 work. In making the application for codling moth, thoroughness is the 

 keynote to success and anything that will bring it about is desirable. 



Fig. 48. Apples on the left just right to spray; calyces are too nearly closed on 

 apples shown on right for the most effective work. (After Quaintance) 



Only the most careful help should be engaged, and men should be 

 trained to do the work so that, when a tree is finished, they know that 

 they have sprayed it from every angle. This necessitates walking 

 entirely around a tree. Spraying that is done from one side only 

 cannot be thorough and is of little real value. There is a tendency for 

 sprayers to hold the nozzle too close to the limbs and, as a consequence, 

 the tips are very often missed. While a tree must be sprayed on the 

 inside, it must not be neglected on the outside, and by holding the 

 nozzle two or three feet back from the extremities of the longest 

 branches, as the tree is encircled during spraying, there can be little of 

 the surface missed. In all spraying work for coddling moth the appa- 

 ratus should be of the best. Long rods with forty-five degree angles on 

 the tips, and a driving spray with high pressure, will greatly facilitate 

 the work. 



First Spraying. 



There are few orchardists who have had experience in spraying for 

 the control of this troublesome insect the country over, who will discount 

 the value of the calyx spray. This must be applied before the calyx 



