APPLE GROWING IN ( 'AI.I K< >R.\IA. 83 



cii])s close and fortunately there is a period of a week or more with 

 most varieties of apples, after the blossoms fall, when the e;ilyees are 

 open, and a few rare cases where they never close tight. Varieties, soil 

 and climatie conditions bring about this variation. Knowing that a large 

 percentage of the first brood worms enter by way of the calyx, and that 

 very one that escapes being killed by the first spray and develops into 

 a moth of the second brood which if a female may lay seventy-five 

 eggs to hatch into second brood worms we cannot be too careful in mak- 

 ing the first application. The aim should be to fill every calyx cup with 

 the liquid, which, upon evaporating, will leave a deposit of insoluble 

 arsenic to remain in and protect the apple throughout the entire season. 

 Kv.-ry sprayer should test the efficiency of his work by examining 

 trees, after he thinks they have been well sprayed, and see if there are 

 any calyces that are dry and have not been touched by the spray. If 

 this is done one will soon realize how exceedingly hard it is to fill every 

 cup. As many of the blossoms point upward, spraying from a tower is 

 often practiced and is a decided advantage when trees are large. 



As varieties of apples differ as to the time of blooming, there is fre- 

 quently trouble experienced in getting the spray on trees of certain 

 kinds at the proper time. This trouble is greatly exaggerated in our 

 older orchards, where many varieties have been planted and where there 

 may be great differences in their blooming habits. It is not serious in 

 orchards of large blocks of a few varieties, for those that bloom first can 

 be sprayed first and the others will probably be in good condition imme- 

 diately afterwards. Climatic conditions are sometimes such that the 

 blossoms of a given variety do not come out evenly. Where such is the 

 case a double application should be made for the calyx in order that the 

 greatest efficiency may result. If this repeat spray is found to be 

 necessary it should be applied from a week to ten days after the first 

 or regular calyx spray, when the majority of the blossoms have fallen. 



Second Spraying. 



Already two sprayings have been mentioned, but in actual practice 

 the second calyx application is not usually found to be necessary. The 

 regular second application, which it is never safe to omit if codling moth 

 is at all hard to control, should be made about three weeks after the 

 first. At this time there may still be a few of the calyces open, and it 

 will have some value as a calyx spray. Its chief value lies in the fact 

 that it is applied at a time when the worms are beginning their work, 

 and many may be killed on the sides of little apples which will, at this 

 time, receive a coating of the arsenical. 



Third Spraying. 



A third application two weeks after the second is often desirable to 

 supplement the work of the latter. The little apples grow very rapidly 

 when they once become set, and difficulty is experienced in keeping a 

 protecting coat of spray over a large part of the surface. As the apples 

 grow, the individual particles of arsenate of lead become correspond- 

 ingly farther apart and the worms have a better chance to gain 

 entrance. The third regular application will be put on at a time when 

 the hatching of first brood worms is about at its maximum; hence it 

 is a very desirable spray during seasons of an abundance of codling 

 moth. 



