84 APPLE GROWING IN CALIFORNIA. 



Fourth Spraying. 



Generally speaking, three sprays are sufficient to control the codling 

 moth, provided that they have been rightly timed and thoroughly 

 applied. The writer has known of many cases, however, of serious in- 

 festation where this spray and another following could be made to pay. 

 They are only necessary when the pest becomes overly abundant because 

 of previous seasons' neglect. -When applied, this spray should be put 

 on about fifty days after the second regular application. The latter 

 was put on about the time when the first brood of eggs were beginning 

 to hatch, and as the second will begin approximately fifty days from 

 this time, or in other words, as it takes the insect seven weeks to undergo 

 all its transformations in a brood, the spray is timed to the hatching of 



the first of the second brood. 



_ 



Fifth Spraying. 



This application is simply to supplement the fourth and should be 

 applied about two weeks later. Its use will insure a better coating of 

 lead arsenate on the apples and thus bring about greater efficiency in 

 killing worms. 



; 



Other Control Measures. 



Generally speaking, careful attention to spraying will bring about 

 complete control of codling moth. Conditions may become such through 

 neglect or otherwise, that something else must be done to reduce the 

 numbers of the pest sufficiently for effective spraying. To illustrate, the 

 writer once sprayed an orchard where codling moth was so abundant 

 that one tree left without spraying had only seventeen per cent of the 

 fruit sound at picking time. Five sprayings in this orchard, all heavily 

 and carefully done, were necessary, but even after all this spraying a 

 considerable percentage of the apples were actually wormy, or were 

 specked where worms had attempted to eat in and were killed. In such 

 cases as this, cloth bands of burlap or other material, placed about the 

 trunks of the trees about June first and removed, and all worms under- 

 neath killed every ten days until apples are picked, would result in such 

 a reduction of the worms that the second brood would be less trouble- 

 some and fewer worms would go into winter quarters. Burlap bands 

 should be of three thicknesses, about five inches wide, and may be held 

 in place with thumb tacks. 



Removal of rough bark on old trunks is always desirable, as many 

 larva? hibernate underneath. 



Packing-houses frequently serve as harboring places for worms, which 

 crawl from apples brought, in for packing or storage. These may find 

 cracks between boards, boxes or rubbish of any kind in which to spin 

 cocoons and pass the winter. Screening of such houses to prevent the 

 exit of moths in the spring is sometimes desirable. 



APHIDS AFFECTING THE APPLE. 

 The Woolly Aphis of the Apple. 



(Eriosoma lanigera.) 



This very common and destructive pest is so well known to every 

 apple grower that it hardly seems necessary to go into details regarding 

 it. Not only is it common, but it is also one of our hardest pests to 



