112 APPLE GROWING IN CALIFORNIA. 



CHAPTER XIX. 



INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES. 



In spraying the apple for the control of the various insect pests and 

 fungous diseases that affect this fruit, there are many different formula* 

 used, the principal of which are given herewith, under the headings Con- 

 tact Insecticides, Poisonous Insecticides and Fungicides. 



CONTACT INSECTICIDES. 



Lime-sulphur ( commercial ) . 

 Lime-sulphur ( home-made ) . 

 Nicotine. 



Kerosene emulsion. 

 Distillate emulsion. 

 Crude oil emulsion. 

 Whale oU soap. 



POISONOUS INSECTICIDES. 



Arsenate of lead. 

 Paris green. 

 Arsenite of zinc. 



FUNGICIDES. 

 Bordeaux mixture. 

 Lime-sulphur ( commercial ) . 

 Lime-sulphur ( home-made ) . 

 Lime-sulphur ( self-boiled ) . 

 Tron-sulphid (see Apple Mildew). 

 Atomic and Milled sulphur. 



SPRAY FORMUL/C. 

 Li me- Sulphur Commercial. 



Practically every insecticide company manufactures lime-sulphur, 

 consequently there are a great many different brands on the market, 

 most of which are good. This material comes in liquid form and is 

 diluted with water, using 1 part of the liquid to 10 parts of water for a 

 dormant spray, and 1 to 35 for summer use on apples. 



Li me -Sulphur Home-made. 



Stone lime 40 pounds. 



Sulphur 30 pounds. 



Water . _ 100 gallons. 



Preparation. Bring about 50 gallons of water to a boil in some 

 suitable vessel, or a sufficient amount for slaking the 40 pounds of lime. 

 Add the sulphur and mix as well as possible with the water. When the 

 water is hot put in the lime, which will slake almost instantly with the 

 generation of a great amounjt of heat. This is desirable, as it helps effect 

 a combination of the lime and sulphur at the start. The mixture should 



