114 APPLE GROWING IN CALIFORNIA. 



If the liquid soap can not be had, use 20 pounds whale oil soap, dis- 

 solved in 10 gallons of boiling water, to which 3 pounds of lye have been 

 added. 



Whale Oil Soap. 



This soap is often used in combination with nicotine sprays, to 

 increase their penetration and spreading qualities. Alone as a spray for 

 apple aphids it is very valuable, when used at the strength of 1 pound 

 of soap to 5 gallons of water. 



The ordinary form of this soap has to be melted before being used. 

 There is, however, a liquid form on the market which is much more 

 conveniently handled. 



Arsenate of Lead. 



This is the most commonly used arsenical spray in the apple orchard, 

 and ordinarily is applied at the strength of 3 pounds paste to 50 gallons 

 of water. This amount is sufficient to kill codling moth, canker worm, 

 tent caterpillar and other larvte which feed upon foliage and fruit. 

 A powdered form of arsenate of lead is also on the market and should 

 be used according to the directions on container. 



Paris Green. 



In the past this arsenical poison has been very extensively used in 

 spraying for the control of chewing insects, but its use has been super- 

 seided by the safer and generally better arsenate of lead. For codling 

 moth and other chewing insects it should be applied at the strength of 

 f pound to 100 gallons of water. On account of the likelihood of there 

 being more or less soluble arsenic in the Paris green, which may blight 

 the foliage, lime in small quantities should always be added to the spray. 

 Five pounds of stone lime, slaked, to every 100 gallons of liquid is 

 sufficient. 



Arsenite of Zinc. 



The above is one of the newer arsenical insecticides, and gives 

 splendid results in killing certain insects, which are more or less resis- 

 tant to arsenate of lead poisoning, as well as all those for which the 

 arsenate of lead is used. It is a less stable compound and for that reason 

 considerable damage has been done to trees and fruit because of its 

 having burned the foliage. It is probably safe for the calyx application 

 in spraying for codling moth. 



Bordeaux Mixture. 



Copper sulphate _ 10 pounds. 



Stone lime (unslaked) 10 pounds. 



Water 100 gallons. 



Preparation. The copper sulphate is first dissolved by suspending the 

 weighed amount in a sack, in a sufficient quantity of water. The lime 

 is slaked in an equal amount of water and the two liquids poured 

 together into the spray tank, where the agitator will keep the liquid 

 properly mixed. 



