238 BULLETIN 226. 



- , , 



; CHAPTER IV. 



PAGE. 



PRUNING 278-288 



Former methods of pruning 278 



How wounds heal 278 



Removal of large limbs 279 



" Stub " priming 280 



Use of paint on wounds 283 



Thinning the tops 284 



Pruning should vary with the thrift of the trees 284 



The best time to prune 285 



How to treat crotches 286 



Number of scaffold limbs 287 



CHAPTER V. 



SPRAYING 289-294 



The extent of the practice 289 



Relation of spraying to yields and prices 289 



Kinds of sprays used 290 



The best time to spray 292 



Winter treatment for apple-scab 293 



Method of applying the spray 293 



Russeting of the fruit 293 



Damage to foliage from spraying , 294 



CHAPTER VI. 



RENOVATING AN APPLE ORCHARD IN WESTERN NEW YORK. By Christian 

 Bucs 295-298 



CHAPTER VII. 



NUMBER OF TREES PER ACRE AND DISTANCE BETWEEN TREES 299-307 



Number of trees per acre 299 



Trees planted too closely 299 



Effects of close planting on yields and health 300 



Top-grafting or pruning every other row 305 



How to thin 305 



CHAPTER VIII. 



AGE OF THE ORCHARDS 308-312 



Date of planting 308 



Yields at different ages 308 



Planting young orchards 3 10 



CHAPTER IX. 



SOILS AND SOIL PROBLEMS 313-324 



TOPOGRAPHY Topographical regions 313 



