AN APPLE ORCHARD SURVEY OF WAYNE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 239 



PAGE. 



SOILS The soil types 315 



Miami stony loam 316 



Alton stony loam 316 



Miami silt loam 317 



Miami line sand 317 



Ontario gravelly loam 317 



Relation of the soil to yield of apples 317 



Summary of the soil factor 318 



DRAINAGE The natural drainage 319 



Losses caused by lack of drainage 320 



CHAPTER X. 



ELEVATIONS AND EXPOSURES 325-326 



Sites 325 



Relation of the sites and yields 325 



Aspects, or exposures 325 



Relation of the aspects and yields . 326 



CHAPTER XI. 



A COMPARISON OF RENTED ORCHARDS WITH THOSE MANAGED BY THE OWNER, 327-329 



Census of rented orchards 327 



Effects of the rental system on the orchards 327 



Suggestions and reflections on the rented farm 329 



CHAPTER XTT. 



VARIETIES 330-332 



The varieties grown '. 330 



Variations within the variety the selection of scions 330 



CHAPTER XIII. 



ENEMIES OF THE APPLE 333~348 



List of the more serious enemies 333 



THE APPLE-SCAB FUNGUS Its importance 335 



What is the scab fungus ? 335 



Relation of the. weather to the development of scab 337 



Relative damage on different varieties of apples 338 



Relation to other fungi 338 



Treatment 339 



LEAF SPOT Caused by the scab fungus 339 



Other causes of leaf spot 340 



Leaf-blister mite 340 



