AN APPLE ORCHARD SURVEY OF WAYNE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 323 



but would add very substantially to the income. Figs. 68, 70 and 71 

 show such areas of waste land, due to lack of drainage. Many of the 

 trees that are not killed are badly damaged. In such places a few tile 

 or a good stone drain would pay many times over. A manufacturer 



would not long allow , H| 1 |BI IIIB , 



any such loss. Why 

 should a farmer give 

 less attention to 

 losses in his business ? 

 Lack of drainage 

 may not be apparent 

 while the trees are 

 young. It is a grow- 

 ing evil, for as the 

 trees get larger and 

 the roots extend 



deeper, they get into 

 poorly drained and 

 poorly aerated soil. 



FIG. 73. In the same orchard as Fig. 68, showing the 

 border line between the dead and dying trees. The 

 trees are 45 years old. Their size can be seen by com- 

 paring with the small boy. The gnarly horizontal 

 spread of the limbs is characteristic of trees that are 

 in the most poorly drained places. 



FIG. 74. This orchard is ordinarily fairly well drained but in the wet seasons 

 it suffers. The picture was taken Oct. TO. 1904. At this date the leaves 

 had all fallen, because of the wet soil. The leaves had been falling badly 

 for two months. 



