AN APPLE ORCHARD SURVEY OF WAYNE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 345 



Mr. Albert Wood of Carlton Station has even grown new tops on his 

 Twenty Ounce trees and has kept the new growth from becoming 

 diseased by spraying the limbs and by keeping the trees growing. This 

 variety is so subject to canker that it can not be kept healthy without 

 constant vigilance. 



COLLAR ROT. 



Occurrence and de- 

 scription. In nearly 

 every mature orchard 

 one comes across some 

 trees on which the bark 

 around the base is dead 

 and loose, or has fallen 

 away. The injury usu- 

 ally extends only 6 to 18 

 inches above the ground, 

 but sometimes it ex- 

 tends 3 to 4 feet up the 

 trunk. As the area of 

 dead bark increases, the 

 tree may be entirely 

 girdled. (See Fig. 88.) 

 It is quite commonly 

 attributed to the hired 

 man having hit the tree 

 with the machinery when 

 working in the orchard, 

 and the injury does re- 

 semble a wound made 

 by hitting the trunk at 

 the surface of the 

 ground. But before the blame can be fixed on the hired man we must 

 explain how he happened to hit all the King and Spitzenburg trees and 

 missed most of the Baldwins and Greenings, also why the disease is as 

 bad or worse in those orchards that have not been tilled. 



This disease is the worst enemy of the King apple. It has sometimes 

 been called the " King disease."* Probably the majority of all the trees 



FIG. 88. A Baldwin tree killed by collar rot. Note 

 the spot at base of tree. In this twenty-acre 

 orchard about one-third of the trees are dead and 

 one-third more are badly affected. In this case the 

 very poor drainage has been largely responsible. 



^Bulletin 191. N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. 



