AN APPLE ORCHARD SURVEY OF WAYNE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 353 



The dried apples occupy only about one-seventh of the space occupied by 

 the green apples from which they came. This makes a great saving in 

 the cost of transportation. The Government can be of great assistance in 

 helping to develop these markets. There should be a good future for the 

 evaporating industry. 



But in order to secure and retain this trade the evaporator men must 

 furnish a product that will keep. One of the reasons for the present low 

 price is undoubtedly the result of marketing what has been aptly termed 

 " apple sauce." The stock is not dried sufficiently to keep well. One 

 reliable firm evaporated 52,000 bushels in 1903, which averaged 6.29 Ibs. 

 of dried stock per bushel. Their average in 1902 was 6.85 Ibs. The 

 average of a number of small evaporators in 1903 was 7.45 Ibs. 



The number of pounds dried stock that a bushel will give varies 

 greatly with the variety of the apple. Winter varieties average from 

 one-fifth to one-seventh above the fall varieties. Russets give a larger 

 product than Greening or Baldwin. Ben Davis and Twenty Ounce give 

 less than these. The amount is said to vary in different years. But none 

 of these factors account for the difference between 6.29 and 7.45 pounds. 

 If the stock that was dried till a bushel gave only 6.29 pounds was prop- 

 erly dried, what can we say of that which contained 1.16 pounds more 

 water, or what of that where nearly 9 pounds of dried stock were secured 

 from a bushel? The whole subject of evaporating and marketing 

 deserves a careful study. 



It would pay to raise better fruit and barrel more of it. Desirable as 

 the evaporating industry is in disposing of poor fruit, there is little 

 question that it would pay the growers to raise better apples and pick 

 the best for barreling. From a third .to a half of the crop, depending 

 on the year, is sold to evaporate without thus selecting the best to 

 barrel, that is, the entire crop is shaken from the trees for evaporating. 

 (See table 43.) This includes a still larger proportion of the number 

 of orchards, in some years as many as three-fourths, for it is more 

 practiced in the small orchards than in the larger ones. 



A few growers, particularly in the western part of the county, sell 

 a part of their crop in Rochester to retail dealers or sell it on the 

 streets. This is particularly profitable with apples of extra good 

 quality. 



There are a number of secondary markets. One man used 50,000 

 bushels in 1902 for the manufacture of brandy. The vinegar works 



