Ax APPLE ORCHARD SURVEY OF ORLEANS COUNTY, NEW YORK. 475 



limbs have been cut off because the trees were too close together. Paint 

 has been used on the wounds in 16 orchards. 



The points that need to be considered are the same as those in Wayne 

 county, and are discussed in Bulletin 226. They are : 



1. The branches should be cut close to the limb. 



2. Large limbs should not be removed unless it is necessary. If the 

 trees are too close together, half of them should be removed rather than 

 spoil the entire orchard by cutting off the large lower limbs. 



3. Paint should be used on all large wounds, and renewed yearly until 

 the wounds are healed over. 



4. Pruning should be done every year rather than give the occasional 

 " thorough trimming." 



TABLE 8. 

 Pruning. 



SPRAYING. 



Methods of spraying. Nearly all the orchards are sprayed occasion- 

 ally. Sixty -one per cent were sprayed in 1904. Only two of the orchards 

 set since 1895 were sprayed in 1904. One-fifth of the area was sprayed 

 with arsenic and Bordeaux mixture. Nearly all the remainder was 

 sprayed with Paris green and Bordeaux. A few growers used prepared 

 mixtures, but none were seen who found these satisfactory (tables 9 

 and 10). 



Effects of spraying on yields and prices. Spraying has practically 

 eliminated the canker-worm from the county. At present the codlin- 

 moth and the apple-scab (commonly called " the fungus ") are the most 

 serious enemies. In 1904 fungous troubles were worse than usual, though 

 not as serious as in some years. 



