AN APPLE ORCHARD SURVEY OF ORLEANS COUNTY, NEW YORK. 499 



The maximum yield seems to come at 45 to 50 years from the date of 

 planting. 



Soils. The loamy soils seem to be best for apple production, but good 

 apples are grown on quite sandy soils. The clay soils are likely to need 

 drainage in order to fit them for apple-growing. A loss of about 8 to 10 

 per cent of the apple-trees is due to poor drainage. 



Yields. The average yields per acre have been: 1900, 241 bushels; 

 1901, 63 bushels; 1902, 248 bushels; 1903, 224 bushels; 1904, 284 bushels. 

 The five-year average yield has been over 200 bushels in half the orchards. 



Markets. Seventy to 90 per cent of the crop is sold in barrels. Most 

 of the remainder is sold to be dried or is sold to vinegar factories. 



Prices. The average prices per barrel have been: 1900, $1.41; 1901, 

 $3.15; 1902, $1.79; 1903, $1.85; 1904, $1.46. The price per bushel for 

 those sold to dry has averaged about n l /2 cents during the past five years. 

 Those sold to the vinegar factories average about 7^ cents per bushel. 



Income per acre. The average gross incomes per acre have been : 

 IQOO, $122; 1901, $58; 1902, $134; 1903, $126; 1904, $116. In half of 

 the orchards the income has averaged over $100 per acre for the past 

 five years. 



