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BULLETIN 262. 



SOILS 



The following data are abstracted from the eighth Report of the 

 Bureau of Soils, the survey which formed the basis of the report on the 

 Niagara sheet having been conducted in conjunction with the orchard 

 survey in 1906. 



There are seventeen soil types in Niagara County. Only five of these, 

 however, have been used extensively for apple orchards, viz., Dunkirk 

 loam, Dunkirk clay loam, Dunkirk silt loam, Clyde loam and Tona- 

 wanda clay. 



THE SOIL TYPES 



Dunkirk loam. This occupies more territory than any other one 

 soil, and has been used most largely for orchard plantations. Consider- 



FIG. 31. Partial tillage with grass between the rows. Better than no cultivation, 

 but not so good as thorough cultivation 



able areas in Middleport, Gasport, North Wilson, Newfane, and Youngs- 

 town are of this sort. There is also a strip extending from Youngstown 

 to Lewiston, and then eastward along the ridge from Lewiston to 'Lock- 

 port. This type of soil is derived from glacial material, and carries 

 some sandstone and shale. It is a dark brown loam, eight to ten 

 inches deep. The subsoil is a light brown, fine sandy loam, which is 

 compact, and becomes darker in color and heavier in texture with depth. 

 Stones are scattered through both subsoil and surface soil. 



Dunkirk clay loam. This ranks second in the area occupied. It is 

 the most common type about Niagara Falls, Suspension Bridge, and 

 toward Sanborn. This type is a stiff and heavy clay. It is dark 



