APPLE ORCHARD SURVEY OF NIAGARA COUNTY. 



291 



brown to grayish brown, and runs to a depth of eight inches. It is 

 generally free 'of gravel and stones. The compact character of this 

 soil, and the fact that it is frequently found on depressed areas, renders 

 drainage on it very poor. 



Dunkirk jilt loam. This occurs along the lake from Youngstown 

 eastward in interrupted areas. It is also common west of Gasport and 

 Orangeport, and on toward Lockport. This type consists of a pale 

 yellow to light brown silt loam. It is underlaid by a darker subsoil. 

 It is sedimentary in origin, and represents the wash from higher shale 

 slopes. 



Clyde loam. This occurs in the quadrangle delimited by Hickory 

 Corners, Wilson, Youngstown, and Lewiston. The largest single area 

 within this district is south and southwest of Wilson. This type is 

 derived from glacial lake deposits. It is somewhat variable in color 

 and appearance. It varies from a friable loam to a dark gray, brown 

 or black color. The depth ranges from eight to twelve inches. It is 

 much subject to puddling and when wet is sticky and impervious,. 

 On well-drained areas, however, it is mellow and pervious to water. 



Tonawanda clay. This is distributed uniformly from southern Ni- 

 agara Falls to LaSalle, on toward North Tonawanda, and eastward 

 toward Wheatfield. Tonawanda clay is much like Dunkirk clay loam. 

 It is somewhat lighter in color, and is firmer in texture and consistency. 

 It has a surface soil ranging in depth from five to twelve inches. It 

 carries very few stones, and but little gravel. 



III. RELATION OF YIELDS TO SOIL TYPES 



