3 io 



BULLETIN 262. 



toward each of the four trees. This will insure the thorough spraying of 

 every branch from the proper direction. Use a nozzle which delivers a 

 rather coarse spray of great penetration, and attach it to the extension rod 

 with a brass elbow. Maintain a pressure of 125 to 150 Ibs. if possible. 

 2. Some birds are useful in combating codling moth. Woodpeckers 

 and nuthatches are specially helpful, and their presence should be 

 encouraged. In winter these birds pick the larvae, which is the winter 

 form of codling moth, from the bark of trees, and thus destroy many 



of these insects. 



3. Thorough scraping of the 

 bark of trees will expose many 

 wintering larvae, and aid in 

 their control. 



4. Gather and destroy all 

 windfalls and wormy fruit. 

 Sheep or hogs can do much of 

 this work. 



5. Use burlap bands on the 

 tree trunks. Kill all insects 

 under them every ten days from 

 July 1st to August ist, and once 

 again later before winter. 



PRUNING 



The following table shows the 

 facts with respect to pruning. 

 In 66.7$ of the orchards com- 

 pared as to character of work, 

 the pruning is good or fair, in 

 25.3$ it is poor or carelessly 

 done, and in 8$ no pruning is 

 done. 



With respect to the frequency 

 of pruning, it may be seen that 

 over one-half, or 54.6$ of the orchards compared as to this factor, are 

 pruned every year ; 22.6^ are pruned on alternate years, 7.7^ are pruned 

 every third year, and 15.1$ are not pruned at any regular interval. 



A third classification of results shows that in 65.9$ of the orchards 

 thus compared, the tops are left too dense; in 34.2$ the tops are too 

 high. 



FIG. 38. Trees banded with burlap to catch 

 the codling moth as it climbs the trunk 

 in late summer to form cocoons for winter 



