BULLETIN 262. 



apple barrel were the characteristic features of the apple industry. But 

 with the introduction and spread of the scale, important changes have 

 occurred. Since 1902, the cider mill and the evaporator have come to 

 the fore. In 1902, only .9$ of the apples went to the evaporator. In 

 1903, this had increased to 2.8$; in 1904, it was still increasing, and had 

 run up to about 7.3$; while in 1905, the evaporator claimed 34.1$ of 

 the crop. This seemed to be the climax, for in 1906, the evaporated por- 

 tion had fallen to 27.1$. 



There have been three chief causes for the production of so much 

 inferior fruit : The apple scab, the codling moth, and the San Jose 

 scale. In 1905, there was considerable scab on apples, but since then 

 there has been but little. There is considerable loss every year from 

 codling moth. But the most potent factor is the scale, which is a pro- 

 lific feeder of the evaporating factory. 



Outside of the scale-infested area different conditions prevail. Take, 

 for instance, the year of 1905, when our field notes were the most com- 

 plete, and another aspect is presented. Our records for that year 

 show that in the eastern part of the county the evaporator received 

 only three per cent of the crop, whereas for the entire county in the 

 same year thirty-four per cent went to the dry-house. Similar con- 

 trasts might be constructed for other years. The time seems ripe, then, 

 for a fuller recognition of the importance of fighting the scale, and 

 every effort should be made to destroy this pest. Every apple grower 

 who allows scale to breed in his orchard should feel that he is not only 

 injuring his own business, but helping to stigmatize the character of 

 the whole county. 



XXVII. DISPOSAL OF THE CROP 



