THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 



members of each group are on the whole more like each other than 

 they are like the varieties outside of that group. 1 



For example, Baldwin is more like Esopus Spitzenburg than it is like 

 either Rhode Island Greening or Fall Pippin or Ben Davis or Winesap. 

 In fact Baldwin and Esopus Spitzenburg might be taken for the nucleus 

 of a group of apples characterized by certain similarities of the fruits in 

 their form; in the color, dots and other markings, texture and aroma of 

 their skin; also in the flesh as to its texture, flavor, color and quality. In 

 this group would be included Jonathan, Mother, Red Canada, Esopus 

 Spitzenburg, Baldwin, Tufts, Olympia, Arctic and some others. These 

 varieties certainly show decided differences when compared with each other 

 but when contrasted with other groups it is seen that after all they exhibit 

 general resemblances among themselves. Since the Baldwin is the best known 

 of the varieties named in this group and is intermediate in character between 

 the other members it may well be taken as the type and its name be given 

 to the group. 



In like manner other groups might be formed. In many cases there 

 is doubt as to what varieties should be grouped together but in other 

 cases the indications are clear and convincing. A few groups are pre- 

 sented below by way of illustration of this idea. These groups are given 

 tentatively because they are evidently incomplete and, moreover, further 

 study would probably lead to modifications of them. 



Fall Pippin group. 

 Fall Pippin, 



Holland Pippin (of early autumn), 

 Lowell, 

 York Pippin, 

 French Pippin, 

 Hawley. 



Rhode Island Greening group. 

 Section A. Holland Pippin (winter), 

 Bottle Greening, 

 Northwestern Greening, 

 Rhode Island Greening. 



Section B. Green Newtown, 

 Yellow Newtown, 

 Occident, 

 Newman, 

 White Pippin, 

 Peck Pleasant. 



Winesap group. 

 Winesap, 

 Arkansas Black, 



Arkansas (Mammoth Blacktwig), 

 Paragon. 



Northern Spy group. 

 Northern Spy, 

 Wagener, 

 Melon, 

 Ontario. 



Blue Pearmain group. 

 Section A. Blue Pearmain, 

 Oel Austin, 

 Bethel, 



Scarlet Beauty, 

 Stone. 



Section B. Mabie Sweet, 

 Monroe Sweet, 

 Gideon Sweet, 

 Victoria Sweet. 



Rails Genet group. 

 Rails, 

 Salome, 

 Ingram. 



'Cf. Hansen, Am. Hort. Man., II: 26. 



