144 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 



Thompson compares these two varieties with each other and with 

 the Roxbury Russet in an excellent article presented to the Michigan 

 Horticultural Society in 1870 (7). 



Historical. Downing calls this identical with the old English variety 

 described by Ronalds and Lindley as Golden Russet (9). It has sometimes 

 been catalogued under the name English Golden Russet and has been con- 

 fused with the English Russet, a distinct variety. It has also been called 

 Golden Russet of New York or of Western New York in distinction from 

 the Golden Russet of Massachusetts, or Hunt Russet, and from the various 

 other apples which have been disseminated under the name Golden Russet. 



TREE. 



Tree varies from medium to large and from moderately vigorous to vigor- 

 ous ; branches long, moderately stout, with rather long, slender laterals which 

 after bearing heavily become rather drooping, but the young growth is more 

 upright. Form upright roundish becoming rather spreading, rather dense. 

 Twigs erect, rather slender to moderately stout, often with large, blunt terminal 

 bud ; internodes short. Bark on the younger branches smooth, yellowish or 

 olive ; on the new growth olive-green or rather dull reddish-brown lightly 

 mottled with grayish scarf-skin ; pubescent toward the tips. Lenticels con- 

 spicuous, becoming more so on the two-year-old wood, of a clear pale color, 

 quite numerous, seldom large, usually below medium, roundish, sometimes 

 raised. " It is distinguished among other russets by its peculiar, light colored, 

 speckled shoots" (10). Buds medium in size or below, deeply set, free, 

 obtuse, pubescent. 



It develops but a moderately strong root system in the nursery. 



FRUIT. 



Fruit below medium to above. Form roundish, varying from a little oblate 

 to somewhat conic, sometimes rather elliptical, sometimes obscurely angular, 

 usually smooth ; uniform in shape and size. Stem short to very short, rather 

 stout, not often exserted. Cavity wide to medium, medium in depth to rather 

 deep, somewhat acuminate to acute, usually not furrowed, often deep green 

 with numerous paler green or grayish dots. Calyx usually rather large to 

 medium, closed or sometimes partly open ; lobes long, rather acute, often 

 reflexed, sometimes separated at the base. Basin sometimes oblique or irreg- 

 ular, often saucer-shaped, round, rather abrupt, rather shallow to moderately 

 deep, sometimes plaited or slightly ribbed. 



Skin thick, moderately tender, sometimes only partly covered with patches 

 and flecks of russet but more often almost entirely covered with green or 

 yellowish russet, in highly colored specimens becoming golden russet with 

 bronze cheek. Dots grayish or russet, rather inconspicuous on the smooth skin 

 but on the russet skin often clear pale gray and conspicuously scattered over 

 the base. Often decidedly attractive for a russet apple. 



Calyx tube rather short, wide, conical or sometimes funnel-form. Stamens 

 basal or nearly so. 



Core medium to below, distinctly abaxile, or, at least, having a rather wide 

 hollow cylinder for the axis; cells often unsymmetrical, usually open; core 



