THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 213 



Cavity rather small, acute, shallow to rather deep, rather narrow, irregular, 

 sometimes russeted. Calyx small, closed; lobes short and twisted. Basin 

 rather small, moderately shallow, narrow, furrowed and wrinkled. 



Skin smooth, waxen, pale yellow or greenish-yellow irregularly splashed and 

 striped with bright red particularly over the base. Dots minute. 



Core rather large; cells partly open. Seeds small, plump, obovate. 



Flesh yellowish-white, crisp, very tender, breaking, juicy, at first briskly 

 subacid but when properly ripened agreeable in flavor and quality. 



MINKLER. 



REFERENCES, i. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 2. ///. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1865:51. 

 3. Warder, 1867:444. fig. 4. ///. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1869:36. 5. Downing, 1869: 

 276. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1875:128. 7. ///. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1875:411. 8. 

 Downing, 1876:59 app. 9. Downing, 1876:11 index, app. 10. Thomas, 1885:518. 

 n. Am. Pom. Sec. Cat., 1889:10. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:244. 13. Lyon, 

 Mich. Sta. Bui, 143:200, 202. 1897. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:129. 15. Farrand, 

 Mich. Sta. Bui., 205:45. 1903. 16. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul. f 

 48:49. 1903. 17. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:132. 1904. 18. Ragan, 

 U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 56:53, 181, 199, 205. 1905. 



SYNONYMS. Brandywine (18, ?s). Logan's Northern Pippin (4, 9, 18). 

 MUMPER VANDEVERE (6, 8). Mumper Vandevere (18). 



The Minkler was brought to notice in Illinois something over forty 

 years ago. Its cultivation is confined almost wholly to that and adjoining 

 states. Like many other varieties of the Middle West it is popular because 

 the tree is a strong grower and a good and regular cropper rather than on 

 account of the quality of its fruit. In appearance the fruit is very good and 

 dealers do not hesitate to take it in reasonable quantities in spite of the fact 

 that it is only fairly good in quality and sometimes scalds badly in storage. 

 It is not a promising variety for New York fruit growers, competing as it 

 does with the Baldwin and other good winter apples. 



Historical. The history of this variety is confused with that of several 

 similar, or as some have thought possibly identical, varieties. The Minkler, 

 as such, was first exhibited before the Illinois Horticultural Society something 

 over forty years ago by Mr. S. G. Minkler. Having lost its name he exhibited 

 it for identification. As it was not recognized by any one the Society named 

 it Minkler, pending further investigation (5). Warder (3) in 1867 states that 

 it very closely resembles Buchanan and Brandywine and adds that Minkler and 

 Buchanan have " an entirely distinct origin," but there is no evidence that this 

 is the case. In 1869 Galusna stated that he found Minkler cultivated in some 

 localities in Illinois under the name Logan Northern Pippin and Dunlap found 

 it identical with Brandywine (4) a decision which is approved by some other 

 pomologists. The origin of Brandywine is also unknown (5, 18). Ragan 

 makes Minkler identical with Mumper Vandevere (18) which according to 

 Downing (8) originated on the farm of John Mumper near Dillsbury, Pa. 



Minkler is not grown to any considerable extent in New York. 



TREE. 



Tree large, very vigorous ; branches large, strong, forming a very broad 

 angle with the trunk and having a characteristically irregular, zigzag manner 



