THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 277 



recognized this name for the variety. In 1849 Cole (10) described it as the 

 Old Nonsuch. It appears to have been brought into Western New York from 

 the vicinity of Toronto, Canada, and afterwards cultivated in this region under 

 the name Canada Red. The earliest mention we find of the variety under 

 the name Red Canada or Canada Red, as these names appear to have been 

 used interchangeably, is that of Watts and Downing in 1847 (5). In Michigan 

 it has been often cultivated under the name of Steele's Red Winter. In some 

 portions of Eastern New York it is grown under the name Bristol. It has 

 been pretty generally distributed throughout the state. In some few localities 

 its cultivation in commercial orchards is increasing but seldom has it been 

 planted to any considerable extent, and, generally speaking, it is found only in 

 old orchards. 



TREE. 



Tree medium to large, moderately vigorous to vigorous ; branches short, 

 stout, curved, crooked. Form upright to roundish, rather dense. Twigs 

 medium in length, straight or nearly so, rather slender to moderately stout; 

 internodes below medium to long. Bark olive-green tinged with reddish- 

 brown, netted or streaked with thin scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels 

 scattering, not very conspicuous, small, round, slightly raised. Buds promin- 

 ent, large to medium, long, narrow, plump, acute, free or nearly so, slightly 

 pubescent. Leaves medium to broad, rather thin. 



FRUIT. 



Fruit medium to nearly large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form 

 roundish inclined to conic and somewhat flattened at the base, nearly sym- 

 metrical and pretty regular but sometimes elliptical or obscurely ribbed and 

 with sides a little unequal. Stem medium to rather slender, pubescent. 

 Cavity usually large, acuminate, deep, wide, often partly russeted and with 

 radiating green or russet rays, usually symmetrical, sometimes slightly fur- 

 rowed. Calyx small, closed or partly open, pubescent. Basin small, usually 

 narrow, shallow to moderately deep and rather abrupt, furrowed and some- 

 times slightly wrinkled, often somewhat oblique. 



Skin tough, nearly smooth especially toward the cavity, slightly rough about 

 the basin, rather clear light yellow or green largely overspread in well-colored 

 specimens with a fine deep red blush, indistinctly striped with deeper red. 

 Dots conspicuous, grayish or fawn colored. Toward the cavity they are scat- 

 tering, large and often elongated as in Baldwin and Esopus Spitsenburg, but 

 as they converge toward the apex they become more numerous and smaller. 

 Prevailing effect very attractive bright deep red. 



Calyx tube elongated cone-shape or somewhat funnel-form. Stamens 

 marginal. 



Core sessile, axile or nearly so, medium to rather small ; cells symmetrical, 

 closed or slit ; core lines clasping. Carpels usually smooth, roundish, narrow- 

 ing somewhat toward the apex, mucronate, but slightly emarginate if at all. 

 Seeds very numerous, medium to rather large, angular, long, moderately wide, 

 plump, obtuse. 



Flesh whitish with yellow or greenish tinge, firm, crisp, rather fine-grained, 

 tender, juicy, aromatic, rich, agreeably subacid but becoming rather too mild 

 toward the close of the season, good to best. 



