THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 39 



Skin very thick, rather tough, rather dull greenish-yellow, sometimes 

 partly washed with red and striped and splashed with carmine. Dots incon- 

 spicuous, small, usually submerged; a few scattering ones are large and 

 russet. Prevailing color greenish-yellow, not particularly attractive. 



Calyx tube broadly conical to funnel-shape. Stamens median to basal. 



Core axile, small ; cells closed or partly open. Carpels broad-cordate, 

 emarginate, tufted. Seeds large to above medium, wide, rather long, plump, 

 acute; frequently they are abortive. 



Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, nearly coarse, crisp, moderately tender, 

 juicy, subacid, good. 



Season October to January or February. 



CONSTANTINE. 



REFERENCES, i. Leroy, 1873:335. fig. 2. Budd, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 

 1880:524. 3. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:155. 4. Hogg, 1884:95. 

 5. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:14. 6. /&., 14:86. 1888. 7. Hos- 

 kins, Rural N. Y., 51 -.682. 1892. fig. 



SYNONYMS. Berry Apple (7). CONSTANTINE (2, 3). GRAND Due CON- 

 STANTIN (i). GRAND DUKE CONSTANTINE (4, 5, 6, 7). Grand Duke Con- 

 stantine (2, 3). No. 457 (7). Riabinouka (7). 



This fruit is of the Aport type and very closely resembles Alex- 

 ander. The flesh is rather coarse, subacid and fair to good in 

 quality. Some hold that it is rather better in flavor than Alexander. 

 As grown at this Station, the fruit, as compared with that of Alex- 

 ander, begins to ripen about a week later and continues longer in 

 season. The trees are not so large and may be planted more closely 

 together than those of Alexander. It is a reliable cropper, yielding 

 good crops biennially or nearly annually. The percentage of 

 marketable fruit is greater than that of Alexander because there 

 are fewer drops, the apples are less apt to show cracks about the 

 calyx and stem and the skin is less often discolored by charing 

 against the branches. We are not sure that it is as good a variety 

 for commercial planting as Alexander, but it appears to be worthy 

 of testing where a variety of the Alexander type is desired. 



TREE. 



Tree small to below medium size, at first moderately vigorous but with 

 age it becomes a slow grower with short, stout, curved branches. Form 

 spreading, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, slender; internodes long. 

 Bark brown with some olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubes- 

 cent near tips. Lenticels scattering, medium to small, oblong, not raised. 

 Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. 



