50 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 



season late in August or early in September and ripens continuously until 

 midautumn. The tree is vigorous in the nursery but does not grow to be a 

 large tree in the orchard. It succeeds better when topworked upon some 

 hardier vigorous stock such as Tolman Sweet or Northern Spy. It is not 

 long-lived but comes into bearing rather young and yields good crops 

 biennially. 



Historical. This variety has been supposed by some to be of French origin 

 and was formerly known as Pomme Royale, but Hovey believed it to be an 

 American apple (n). It was known in cultivation in Rhode Island during 

 the Revolutionary War (4). It was named Dyer by the Massachusetts Hor- 

 ticultural Society more than fifty years ago and has retained that name. It 

 is still occasionally listed by nurserymen (15). It is but little cultivated in 

 New York and is now seldom, if ever, planted in this state. 



FRUIT (3, 9, n, 13). 



Fruit medium or sometimes large. Form roundish, slightly oblate, regular 

 or obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to long, slender. Cavity rather small, 

 acute, moderately deep to deep, sometimes lipped. Calyx small, closed ; lobes 

 short to rather long, recurved. Basin medium to small, shallow to moderately 

 deep, furrowed. 



Skin smooth, clear pale yellow or greenish, more or less flecked and mar- 

 bled with thin russet with a brownish blush on one cheek. Dots dark or 

 russet. 



Core medium size ; cells open or closed ; core lines clasping. Seeds numer- 

 ous, plump, short, medium to small, pale. 



Flesh yellowish-white, fine, very crisp, tender, aromatic, sprightly, mild 

 subacid, highly flavored, very good to best. 



Season September and October. 



EARLY HARVEST. 



REFERENCES, i. Amer. Card. Cat., 1806:584. 2. Coxe, 1817:101. fig. 3. 

 Thacher, 1822:129. 4. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 5. Wilson, 

 1828:136. 6. Fessenden, 1828:131. 7. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 355. 

 8. Kenrick, 1832 -.26. g. Floy-Lindley, 1833 : &4- 10. Mag. Hort., i :362. 

 1835. J i' Manning, 1838:45. 12. Ib., Mag. Hort., 7:51. 1841. 13. Down- 

 ing, 1845 :72. fig. 14. French, Horticulturist, i :256. 1846. 15. Hovey, 

 Mag. Hort., 14:115. 1848. fig. 16. Cole, 1849:97. fig. 17. Walker, Mag. 

 Hort., 15:165. 1849. 18. Thomas, 1849:142. 19. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 

 3:16. 1851. 20. Barry, 1851:280. 21. Hovey, 1:75. 1851. col. pi. and fig. 

 22. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 23. Elliott, 1854:84. fig. 24. Hooper, 1857: 

 31, 107, in. 25. Gregg, 1857:36. fig. 26. Warder, 1867:403. fig. 27. Fitz, 

 1872:143, 160, 172. 28. Downing, 1872:10 index, app. 29. Ib., 1881:11 

 index, app. 30. Hogg, 1884:67. 31. Wickson, 1889:243. 32. Lyon, Mich. 

 Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 33. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 34. Stinson, 

 Ark. Sta. An. Rpt., 7:44. 1894. 35. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45: 

 320. 1896. 36. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 3:7. 1896. figs. 37- 

 Can. Hort., 20:328. 1897. figs. 38. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bui., 130:121. 1901. 

 39- Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:292. 1901. 40. Budd-Hansen, 1903:73. fig. 



