THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 97 



Freeborn, Nat. Nurseryman, 1894:132. 16. Can. Hort., 17:7. 1894. 17. 

 Card, and For., 8:340. 1895. 18. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896 74. 19. Waugh, 

 Ff. Sta. Bui., 61:30. 1897. 20. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:13. 21. Troop, JnJ. 

 SYo. ^4. Rpt., 12:80. 1899. 22. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:296. 1901. 

 23. Macoun, Can. .D/>f. Agr. Bui., 37:39. 1901. 24. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui., 

 76:57. 1902. fig. 25. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 1902:83, 87. 26. Budd- 

 Hansen, 1903:98. fig. 



SYNONYMS. HIBERNAL (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 

 19, 20, 21, 22, 23. 24, 25, 26). Hibernal (8). A r o. J7<? (i, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 

 18, 25, 26). Orsimui (4, 5, 6). OSIMOE (8). Romna (23). 



A Russian variety which is proving valuable in portions of the Upper Mis- 

 sissippi valley and the Northwest because of its ability to withstand the rigor- 

 ous climatic conditions of those regions. Hansen says of it : " This variety 

 represents what is probably the hardiest type of the Russian race of apples ; there 

 are several sorts closely resembling, or identical with, Hibernal. Tree vigor- 

 ous, very spreading, productive. The strong spreading growth makes it 

 especially desirable as a stock for top-grafting, probably the best we have 

 at the present time. Fruit large, irregular, oblate to roundish oblate coni- 

 cal ; skin thick ; surface greenish-yellow, with a dull bronze mixed red on 

 sunny side, with a few dull crimson splashes ; dots white, minute, obscure, 

 often some large russet dots ; cavity regular, medium deep, with a large patch 

 of russet radiating out irregularly over nearly the entire base, this is a 

 marked characteristic ; stem medium, often short ; basin narrow, rather 

 shallow, wrinkled ; calyx half open or open. Core closed, meeting ; tube 

 funnel-shaped ; stamens median ; seeds few ; flesh acid, with some astrin- 

 gency, juicy, good for cooking. Early winter" (24, 26). 



Macoun reports "Flesh yellowish, crisp, tender, juicy, acid; core small; 

 quality above medium; season September to November. Tree very hardy, a 

 strong, spreading grower, and very productive. Although not a good dessert 

 fruit this is a fine cooking apple and on account of its great hardiness and 

 productiveness is one of the best of the Russian apples" (23). 



HICKS. 



REFERENCES, i. Hicks, Horticulturist, 21 :333. 1866. fig. 2. Downing, 

 1869:215. 3. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:308, 316, 324. 1896. 

 4. Thomas, 1897 :639. 



SYNONYMS. Buckram (2, 3). HICKS (i, 2, 3, 4). 



A sweet apple of medium size, yellowish striped and splashed with crim- 

 son ; season middle of August. It is but little known except in certain locali- 

 ties on Long Island. Not recommended for general planting in this state. 



Historical. Hicks originated as a chance seedling and was brought to 

 notice by Isaac Hicks, North Hempstead, L. I. (i, 2). 



HIGHTOP SWEET. 



REFERENCES, i. Thacher, 1822:128. 2. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:390. 1848. 

 3. Cole, 1849:97. 4. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 5. Emmons, 

 Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:16. 1851. fig. 6. Elliott, 1854:139. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. 

 VOL. II 9 



