THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 151 



Sta. An. Rpt., 14:302. 1901. 42. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:46. 1902. 

 43. Ib., 76:79. 1902. fig. 44. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bui, 106:52. 

 1902. 45. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bui., 182:21. 1903. 46. Farrand, Mich. Sta. 

 Bui., 205:45. 1903. 47. Budd-Hansen, 1903:141. fig. 48. Powell and 

 Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:51. 1903. 49. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. 

 Bui, 248:136. 1904. 



SYNONYMS. Barovcski (20). Barowiski (20). Borovitsky (20, 37, 38). 

 BOROWICKI (20). Borozvitski (24). Borowitsky (43). Charlamowiski (24). 

 Charlamowski d'Automne (20). Charlamowskircher Nalleoid (20). Charla- 

 mowsky (43). DUCHESS (27, 29, 32, 35, 37, 38, 43). DUCHESS OF OLDEN- 

 BURG (3, 4, n, 12, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, 31, 33, 36, 44). Duchess of 

 Oldenburg (23, 41, 48, 49). DUCHESS OF OLDENBURGH (i, 2, 5, 9, 10, 14, 18). 

 Duchesse d'Oldenbourg (20). DUTCHESS (13). DUTCHESS OF OLDENBERG 

 (15). DUTCHESS OF OLDENBURGH (6, 7, 8). Dutchess of Oldenburgh (13). 

 New Brunswick (34). OLDENBURG (23, 26, 39, 45, 48, 49). Oldenburg (35, 

 37). OLDENBURGH (30, 34). OLDENBURG, Duchess of (40, 42, 46, 47). 



This Russian apple is known throughout the West either by the 

 name Duchess, or by the full name Duchess of Oldenburg; the 

 American Pomological Society has abbreviated the full name to 

 Oldenburg, but this has not been generally accepted by Western 

 fruit growers. In European nurseries it is propagated under the 

 names of Charlamowsky and Borowitsky. It was early imported 

 into the West, coming to this country by the way of England and 

 it was the extreme hardiness of this variety in the early test winters 

 that kept up the hopes of prairie orchardists in time of great dis- 

 couragement and led to the importations of more varieties from 

 Russia (42). 



Oldenburg is one of the most valuable of the Russian apples thus 

 far introduced into this country. It is of good size and attractive 

 appearance. It is generally highly esteemed for home use on 

 account of its excellent culinary qualities and with some fruit 

 growers it has proved a very profitable variety for the commercial 

 orchard. When properly grown and carefully handled it stands 

 shipment pretty well and sells well for a variety of its season. In 

 some few localities in Western New York it is grown in sufficient 

 quantities so that it can be shipped in car lots to distant markets, 

 but in very many places it is produced in greater quantities than the 

 local markets can absorb and vet not in quantities large enough so 

 that it can be economically shipped to distant markets. Since the 

 fruit is quite perishable it does not stand heat well before shipment 



