PREPARATION OF THE SOIL 15 



grown on a north aspect, and for a late supply of the 

 popular variety Williams' Bon Chretien this aspect is also 

 suitable. 



Espalier trees can be planted on the sides of the garden 

 paths at 15 feet apart, or be used as a fence to shut off 

 the lawn or flower-garden from the vegetable quarters. 

 Pyramids and bushes can be either planted 8 feet apart 

 at the sides of the paths, or a quarter can be given them 

 across the borders. Both pyramids and bushes should 

 be placed at least 6 feet from the paths to allow for ex- 

 tension, but espaliers, being flat trees, need only be set 

 back i^ or 2 feet from the paths. Cordons can be planted 

 each side of the paths, set back i feet, at 2 or 3 feet 

 from tree to tree. Standards require to be planted from 

 15 to 20 feet apart. 



CHAPTER III 

 PREPARATION OF THE SOIL AND PLANTING 



MOST fruit-trees prefer a well-drained, deep-rooting medium, 

 and for that reason heavy, sticky clay land requires to 

 be drained and tempered by exposure to the winter frosts. 

 The soil should have incorporated with it long strawy 

 manure, ashes, burnt earth, and lime. It can then be 

 planted with Apples and Pears, the latter preferably on 

 Quince stocks, as the Quince is a water-loving tree ; 

 and the Apples should be worked on the Paradise 

 stock. 



