2 PRESENT-DAY GARDENING 



Cherries, Plums, Pears and Apples ; and he established 

 orchards at Newington, East Kent a district which to-day 

 sends the finest cherries to London and some thirty parishes 

 followed his example. 



From that time fruit-tree propagation was carried on, 

 and fruit-growing was practised as an industry. Perhaps 

 the British ambassadors to France, Belgium, and Holland 

 tried to introduce such fruits as they esteemed ; but there 

 is little evidence of any considerable development until 

 Queen Elizabeth's reign, when Thomas Tusser published 

 his Hundred Good Points of Husbandry (1557). Thomas Hill 

 published a work in 1563 which was mainly a compilation 

 from other sources. Shakespeare mentions such Apples as 

 the Catshead, Codlin, Sops in Wine, and Russets in his 

 plays. In 1572 Leonard Mascall's Booke of the Arte and 

 maner howe to plant and graffe all Sortes of Trees was 

 published, being translated from French works. In 1596 

 Gerarde published his famous Herbal, in which he gives 

 plates of the chief wild varieties of fruit and refers to what 

 we call the garden sorts as " Manured." He figures the 

 Choke and Crow Peares of the wild forms, and of the 

 garden sorts, the " Burgamot," which resembles our Con- 

 seiller de la Cour ; "The Bishops," a large fruit like Pit- 

 maston Duchess; "The Katharine," like Winter Nelis ; 

 the " Royal," after Beurre" Diel ; " Jenneting," apparently 

 the Lammas; "St. James," after Doyenn d'Ete" ; whilst 

 "Winter Pear" is apparently our Catillac, the "Warden" 

 of the Monasteries. But Gerarde incidentally states that a 

 friend grew as many as three-score varieties, so that it is 

 clear that by this time interest was being aroused. 



In 1613 Markham published a translation from the 



