54 PRESENT-DAY GARDENING 



finest fruits, and a series of side shelves on each side of the 

 house, made of match-board, with J inch space between 

 each board, allows a circulation of air. The shelves should 

 be i^ feet from each other, and a single layer of fruit 

 should be laid on them. They will not require any covering. 



CHAPTER XI 

 PESTS OF THE APPLE 



IT is an axiom in gardening that "a healthy tree is 

 generally free from disease." Therefore every care should 

 be exercised to keep trees in that condition. Trouble 

 arises from many causes, such as planting under the 

 shade or drip of larger trees, placing the trees too closely 

 together, planting too deeply, or planting in heavy soils 

 that are not properly drained. 



For all fungous diseases, including ordinary mildew, 

 the best form of Bordeaux mixture is that sold as Voss' 

 Woburn Paste, which is ready for use as a winter or 

 summer spray. Leaf spot, and spotted and cracked fruits, 

 will be less frequent after its timely use, say, in March 

 before the leaves open, and again just as the fruit swells 

 that is, unless it is necessary to spray for an attack of 

 winter moth, when other mixtures are desirable in March 

 or April. Sulphur mixtures such as Bunyard's Medela 

 are also remedies for fungous troubles. In using wet 

 sprays, care must be taken to cover both the upper and 

 under sides of the foliage, and this should be carried out as 

 a preventive where the trees have been attacked the previous 

 year, before it again appears. 



