APPLES FOR THE MARKETS 75 



to settle. Before planting in mid-November or December, 

 let the harrow be run over it both ways to get a good 

 surface tillage. If a small field it may be ploughed deeply, 

 and then be treated with a subsoil ploughshare to 

 break up the " pan " below the ordinary open ploughed 

 furrow. If the furrows are exposed to a few frosts before 

 the land is harrowed, so much the better. If the soil 

 is infested with thistles, Couch Grass, Bearbind, or deeply 

 rooting weeds, it will be best to defer planting for 

 a season, and crop the land with Wheat, Oats, or 

 Potatoes to get it thoroughly free from weeds, otherwise 

 they will be very troublesome after the trees and bushes 

 are planted. If Potatoes have been the previous crop, 

 they will leave the land in condition for planting. 



Planting. All the rows should be quite straight and, 

 if possible, so far apart that horse or pony hoes can be used 

 to destroy weeds and to obtain a fine surface tilth, which 

 hinders summer evaporation and allows rain-water to 

 penetrate. 



CHAPTER XVI 

 APPLES FOR THE MARKETS 



THE following varieties may be cultivated either as bushes 

 on the Paradise stock at 12 feet apart, or as standards 

 or half -standards on the Crab stock at 18 to 20 feet 

 apart. 



